Indian Fossil Fungi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2011.167Keywords:
Fungal spores, Fungal Fruiting bodies, Description, Classification, IndiaAbstract
The main objective of this publication is to synthesize the available information on Indian fossil fungi published so far. It contains four main parts, Introduction, Terminology, Description and Discussion. The introductory part provides a brief account of diversity of fungal remains through the ages, scope and organization of the publication and classification of fossil fungal spores and fruiting bodies. The Terminology part defines the commonly used terms for describing fungal remains. The Description part provides description of all the fossil fungal taxa known so far from India along with their illustration, locality, age and Indian records. MycoBank number of each genus and species is also provided. Fifteen new species, viz. Dicellaesporites classicus, Dicellaesporites jainii, Dicellaesporites singhii, Foveoletisporonites keralensis, Frasnacritetrus masolensis, Fusiformisporites barmerensis, Inapertisporites chandrae, Inapertisporites karii, Inapertisporites sahii, Kutchiathyrites mehrotrae, Monoporisporites meghalayaensis, Multicellites chandrae, Pluricellaesporites himachalensis, Pluricellaesporites keralensis and Pluricellaesporites mehrotrae and twelve new combinations, viz. Kutchiathyrites perfectus (Kar et al.), Meliolinites tlangsamensis (Kar et al.), Multicellites circularis (Samant and Tapaswi), Multicellites himalayaensis (Gupta), Multicellites jainii (Gupta), Multicellites psilatus (Saxena), Multicellites ramanujamii (Gupta), Multicellites reticulatus (Samant and Tapaswi), Palaeomycites dichotomus (Kar et al.), Palaeomycites excellensus (Kar et al.), Palaeomycites globatus (Sharma et al.) and Palaeomycites minutus (Kar et al.) have been proposed. This part also records informally published fungal remains along with reference to page of their publication, illustration, horizon and age and location of occurrence. The Discussion part includes diagnostic characteristics of fossil fungal spores and fruiting bodies, general remarks on Indian fossil fungal records and stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic interpretations.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Alexopoulos CJ 1958. Introductory mycology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 613 p.
Ambwani K 1982. Palynology of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Rajahmundry District, Andhra Pradesh. Palaeobotanist 30(1): 28- 33.
Ambwani K 1983. Fungal remains from Neyveli lignite, South India. Palaeobotanist 31(2): 148-153.
Ambwani K 1993. Palynological investigation of coal bearing sediments of Rekmangiri coal mine, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Phytomorphology 43(3-4): 153-164.
Aswal HS & Singh K 2000. Dinoflagellate cysts and calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of well Saripalli-A, Krishna-Godavari Basin, India. ONGC Bulletin 37(1): 117-127.
Bajpai U & Maheshwari HK 1988. Epiphyllous fungi from the Gondwana. Palaeobotanist 36: 210-213.
Baksi SK 1962. Palynological investigation of Simsang River Tertiaries, South Shillong Front, Assam. Bulletin of the Geological, Mining and metallurgical Society of India 26: 1-22.
Banerjee D & Misra CM 1968. Cretaceous microflora from South India: pp. 99-104 in Cretaceous formations of South India, Memoirs of the Geological Society of India No. 2.
Banerjee S & Nandi B 1992. Fossil fungi in Miocene sediments, Mizoram. Journal of the Mycopathological Research 30(1): 81-90.
Banerjee S & Nandi B 1994. Palynology of the Middle Bhuban Formation near Kolasib, northern Mizoram. Geophytology 23(2): 215-220.
Barlinge SG & Paradkar SA 1980. Fossil microflora of a new locality from Nanded District, Maharashtra. Advances in Pollen-Spore Research 5-7: 225-241.
Barlinge SG & Paradkar SA 1982. Records of new fossil algal and fungal forms from the Deccan Intertrappean of Mohgaon Kalan, M.P., India.
Botanique 10(1-4): 163-174. Barnett HL 1956. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi.
Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 218 p.
Bera S & Banerjee M 1995. Eocene palynoassemblage from lignite deposits of West Bengal, India with remarks on environment of deposition. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 22(4): 149-152.
Berkeley MJ & Broome CE 1850. Notices of British fungi. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2. 5: 459.
Berry CM 1990. Source rock palynology of Subathu sediments of Simla Hills. Geophytology 19(2): 140-146.
Bhattacharya M 1987. Fungal remains from the Rajpardi lignite, Broach District, Gujarat. Geophytology 17(1): 120.
Biradar NV & Mahabale TS 1974. On the occurrence of an imperfect fungus Tetracoccosporium obtained from a fossil wood belonging to the Deccan Intertrappean Series, (M.P.), India. Palaeobotanist 21(2): 223-226.
Bolkhovitina NA 1953. Spore-pollen characteristics of the Cretaceous sediments of the central region of the U.S.S.R. (in Russian). Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta Akademiia Nauk S.S.S.R. 61, 184 p.
Bose MN & Banerji J 1984. The fossil flora of Kutch. I. Mesozoic megafossils. Palaeobotanist 33: 1-189.
Bradley WH 1967. Two aquatic fungi (Chytridiales) of Eocene age from the Green River Formation of Wyoming. American Journal of Botany 54: 577-582.
Casshyap SM 1963. Scleroids in the Kargali coals of East Bokaro Coalfield, Bihar. Current Science 32(6): 263-264.
Chakraborty M 2004. Palynology of the Lakadong Sandstone (Late Palaeocene) exposed around Bhalukurung, North Cachar Hills, Assam. Palaeobotanist 53(1-3): 113-121.
Chandra A & Kumar M 1998. Palynology of the Late Tertiary sediments (DSDP Site 218) in the Bengal Fan, Indian Ocean. Palaeobotanist 46(3): 51-69.
Chandra A, Saxena RK & Setty MGAP 1984. Palynological Investigation of the sediment cores from the Arabian Sea. 1. Fungal spores. Biovigyanam 10(1): 41-58.
Chandra D 1954. Sclerotia in Indian coals. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 26: 47-48.
Chandra D 1958. Microfossils in lignites of India and Pakistan. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 3: 211-213.
Chatterjee NN & Chandra D 1957. Permian fossil fungi in Kurasia Seam from Barakar Coal Measures, Kurasia Coalfield, M. P. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 29(3): 189.
Chatterjee NN & Ghosh TK 1962. Fungal spores in Tertiary coal from Garo Hills, Assam. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 34(2-3): 147-148.
Chitaley SD 1950. Microflora of the Deccan Intertrappean Cherts - Palaeobotany in India 7. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 29: 30.
Chitaley SD 1951. Fossil microflora from the Mohgaon Kalan beds of the Madhya Pradesh, India. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India 17(5): 373-383.
Chitaley SD 1957. Further report on the fossil microflora from the Mohgaon Kalan beds of the Madhya Pradesh, India. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India 23B (2-4): 69-79.
Chitaley SD 1978. Fungal spores from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, India: 305-311. In: Bharadwaj D C et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the 4th International Palynological Conference, Lucknow 1976-77, Volume 1, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Chitaley SD & Patel MZ 1972. Microflora of Intertrappean and Lameta formations of India: pp. 212-219 in Ghosh A. K. et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Seminar on Palaeopalynology and Indian Stratigraphy Calcutta 1971, Botany Department, Calcutta University.
Chitaley SD & Patil GV 1970. An acanthaceous fossil wood with deuteromycetous fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, India. Proceedings of the 57th Indian Science Congress, Kharagpur 3: 337-338 (Abstract).
Chitaley SD & Patil GV 1972. Ebenaceous fossil wood infected with deuteromycetaceous fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India. Botanique 3(2): 99-106.
Chitaley SD & Sheikh MT 1971. An infected grain from the Deccan Intertrappean cherts of Mohgaon Kalan. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 50: 137-142.
Chitaley SD & Yawale NR 1978. Fungal remains from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaon Kalan, India. Botanique 7(4): 189- 194.
Clarke RT 1965. Fungal spores from Vermejo Formation coal beds (Upper Cretaceous) of Central Colorado. Mountain Geologist 2: 85- 93.
Cookson IC 1947. Fossil fungi from Tertiary deposits in the southern hemisphere. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, New South Wales, 72: 207-214.
Cookson IC 1950. Fossil pollen grains of proteaceous type from Tertiary deposits in Australia. Australian Journal of Scientific Research 3: 166-177.
Das P 1961. Recent microscopic flora from the Bengal delta, India. Micropaleontology 7(1): 87-94.
Deb U 1970. Palynological investigation of Tertiary sediments of Bengal Basin, south of Calcutta. Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and metallurgical Society of India 41(3): 127-140.
Dilcher DL 1965. Epiphyllous fungi from Eocene deposits in western Tennessee, U.S.A. Palaeontographica Abt. B. Palaephytol. 116: 1- 54.
Dilcher DL 1973. A revision of the Eocene flora of southeastern North America. Palaeobotanist 20: 7-18.
Dueñas-Jimenez H 1979. Estudio palinologico de los 35 mts. superiores de la seccion Tarragona, Sabana de Bogata. Caldasia 12: 539-571.
Dutta SK 1980. Palynostratigraphy of the sedimentary formations of the Arunachal Pradesh -2. Palynology of the Siwalik equivalent rocks of Kameng District. Geophytology 10(1): 5-13.
Dutta S & Ghosh AK 1970. Palynology of a Neolithic site in eastern India: a preliminary report. Palynological Bulletin 6(2): 84-86.
Dutta SK, Bhuyan D & Kumar M 1998. Record of palynodebris from the Upper Dsang - Lower Barail group around Kohima District, Nagaland. Geophytology 27: 61-65.
Dutta SK & Sah SCD 1970. Palyno-stratigraphy of the Tertiary sedimentary formations of Assam: 5. Stratigraphy and palynology of south Shillong Plateau. Palaeontographica, Abt. B 131: 1-72.
Dutta SK & Singh HP 1980. Palynostratigraphy of sedimentary formations in Arunachal Pradesh -1. Palynology of Siwalik rocks of the Lesser Himalayas, Kameng District: pp. 617-626. In: Bharadwaj DC et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the 4th International Palynological Conference, Lucknow 1976-77, Volume 2, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Dwivedi JN 1959. Fossil thallophytes from Mohgaon-Kalan locality, Chhindwara District, M.P. Current Science 28: 285-286.
Dwivedi JN 1968. Fungal infection of the fruit wall of Enigmocarpon parijai Sahni. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 10: 8- 13.
Ediger VS 1981. Fossil fungal and algal bodies from Thrace Basin, Turkey. Palaeontographica Abt. B 179: 87-102.
Ediger VS & Alisan C 1989. Tertiary fungal and algal palynomorph biostratigraphy of the northern Thrace Basin, Turkey. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 58: 139-161.
Edwards WN 1922. An Eocene microthyriaceous fungus from Mull, Scotland. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 8: 66-72.
Elias MK 1966. Living and fossil algae and fungi, formerly known as structural parts of marine bryozoans. Palaeobotanist 14: 5-18.
Ellis D 1915. Fossil micro-organisms from the Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks of Great Britain. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 35: 110-132.
Ellis MB 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, 608 p.
Elsik WC 1968. Palynology of a Paleocene Rockdale lignite, Milam County, Texas. 1. Morphology and taxonomy. Pollen Spores 10(2): 263-314.
Elsik WC 1969. Late Neogene palynomorph diagram, northern Gulf of Mexico. Trans-Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 19: 509-528.
Elsik WC 1970. Palynology of a Palaeocene Rockdale lignite, Milam County, Texas, III. Errata and taxonomic revisions, Pollen et Spores 12: 99-101.
Elsik WC 1976. Microscopic fungal remains and Cenozoic palynostratigraphy. Geoscience and Man 15: 115-120.
Elsik WC 1978. Classification and geologic history of the Microthyriaceous fungi. Proceedings of the IV International Palynological Conference, Lucknow (1976-77), 1: 331-342.
Elsik WC 1990. Hypoxylonites and Spirotremesporites form genera for Eocene to Pleistocene fungal spores bearing a single furrow. Palaeontographica Abt. B 216(1-6): 137-169.
Elsik WC 1992 The morphology, taxonomy, classification and geologic occurence of fungal palynomorphs. A short course presented under the auspices of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Houston, Texas, 287 p. (Unpublished.)
Elsik WC & Jansonius J 1974. New genera of Paleogene fungal spores. Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 953-958.
Ethridge Glass DL, Brown DD & Elsik WC 1986. Fungal spores from the Upper Eocene Manning Formation, Jackson Group, east and south-central Texas, U.S.A. Pollen Spores 28: 403-420.
Felix J 1894. Studien über fossile Pilze. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 46: 269-280.
Frederiksen NO, Wiggins VD, Ferguson IK, Dransfield J & Ager CM 1985. Distribution, paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and botanical affinity of the Eocene pollen genus Diporoconia n. gen. Palynology 9: 37-60.
Fritel PH 1910. Étude sur les vegetaux fossiles de l’étage sparnacien du Bassin de Paris. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France, Paléontologie, no. 40: 5-37.
Ganju PN 1956. The micro-structure of coals from the Jangalgali and Kalakot areas in the Jammu Province. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 44: 30-37.
Ghosh TK 1964. On the Tertiary coal from Dharangiri, Garo Hills, Assam. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 36(2): 91-94.
Graham A 1962. The role of fungal spores in palynology. Journal of Paleontology 36: 60-68.
Gupta A 1984. Dyadosporonites udarii: a new name for Dyadosporonites constrictus Kar, 1979. Geophytology 14(2): 248.
Gupta A 1985. Inapertisporites udarii nom. nov.-a correction for Inapertisporites punctatus Chandra, Saxena and Setty, 1984. Geophytology 15(2): 226.
Gupta A 1994. Fungal fruiting bodies from Lower Tertiary sediments of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 247-259.
Gupta A 1996. Udaria gen. nov. with two new species from Lower Tertiary sediments of Himachal Pradesh, India. Flora and Fauna 2(2): 103-104.
Gupta A 2002. Algal/fungal spores from Early Tertiary sediments of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Tertiary Research 21(1- 4): 123-153. Gupta HP 1970. Fungal remains from Bengal peat. Current Science 39(10): 236-237.
Gupta S, Mitra S, Bera S & Banerjee M 2003. Record of palynomorphs comparable to Lower Tertiary palynoflora and reworked microfossils from subsurface sediments of Ganga Basin, India. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 6: 207-216.
Hait AK & Banerjee M 1994. Palynology of lignite sediments from Mizoram, eastern India with remarks on age and environment of deposition. Journal of Palynology 30(1-2): 113-135.
Haseldonckx P 1973. The palynology of some Paleogene deposits between the Rio Esera and the Rio Segre, Southern Pyrenees, Spain. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen 49: 145-165.
Jacob C & Jakob K 1950. Cuticle from the Tertiary lignite of Cuddalore, S. Arcot, India, Proceedings of the 7th International Botanical Congress, Slockholm: 572-573.
Jain KP 1974. Fossil fungi: pp. 38-46 in Surange K. R. et al. (Editors) - Aspects and Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Jain KP & Dutta SK 1978. Lower Tertiary dinoflagellates, spores and pollen grains from Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 21-22: 106-111.
Jain KP & Gupta RC 1970. Some fungal remains from the Tertiaries of Kerala Coast. Palaeobotanist 18(2): 177-182.
Jain KP & Kar RK 1979. Palynology of Neogene sediments around Quilon and Varkala, Kerala coast, South India-I. Fungal remains. Palaeobotanist 26(2): 105-118.
Jain KP, Kar RK & Sah SCD 1973. A palynological assemblage from Barmer, Rajasthan. Geophytology 3(2): 150-165.
Jansonius J 1976. Palaeogene fungal spores and fruiting bodies of the Canadian Arctic. Geoscience and Man 15: 129-132.
Jansonius J & Hills LV 1976. Genera file of fossil spores. Spec. Pub., Dept. Geology, Univ. Calgary, Canada: 1-3287.
Jansonius J & Hills LV 1977. Genera file of fossil spores-supplement. Spec. Pub., Dept. Geology, Univ. Calgary, Canada: 3288-3431.
Jansonius J & Hills LV 1979. Genera file of fossil spores-supplement. Spec. Pub., Dept. Geology, Univ. Calgary, Canada: 3521-3628.
Jansonius J & Hills LV 1980. Genera file of fossil spores – supplement. Special Publication, Department of Geology, University of Calgary, cards 3629-3800.
Kalgutkar RM 1993. Paleogene fungal palynomorphs from Bonnet Plume Formation, Yukon Territory. Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 444: 51-105.
Kalgutkar RM 1997. Fossil fungi from the lower Tertiary Iceberg Bay Formation, Eureka Sound Group, Axel Heiberg Lsland, Northwest Territories, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 97: 197-226.
Kalgutkar RM & Jansonius J 2000. Synopsis of fungal spores, mycelia and fructifications. AASP Contribution Series 39: 1-423.
Kalgutkar RM & McIntyre DJ 1991. Helicosporous fungi and early Eocene pollen, Eureka Sound Group, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28: 364-371.
Kalgutkar RM, Nambudiri EMV & Tidwell WD 1993. Diplodites sweetii sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Deccan Intertrappean beds of India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 77: 107-118.
Kalgutkar RM & Sigler L 1995. Some fossil fungal form-taxa from the Maastrichtian and Palaeogene ages. Mycological Research 99: 513- 522.
Kapoor R, Singh RY, Dogra NN & Singh YR 2003. Palaeobotanical constraints on palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic implications to Siwalik rocks of Nurpur region and Dharamsala Formation, Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 6: 175-183.
Kar R, Mandaokar BD & Kar RK 2010. Fungal taxa from the Miocene sediments of Mizoram, northeast India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 158: 240-249.
Kar RK 1978. Palynostratigraphy of the Naredi (Lower Eocene) and the Harudi (Middle Eocene) formations in the district of Kutch, India. Palaeobotanist 25: 161-178.
Kar RK 1979. Palynological fossils from the Oligocene sediments and their biostratigraphy in the District of Kutch, Western India. Palaeobotanist 26(1): 16-49.
Kar RK 1985. The fossil floras of Kachchh -IV. Tertiary palynostratigraphy. Palaeobotanist 34: 1-280.
Kar RK 1990a. Palynology of Miocene and Mio-Pliocene sediments of north-east India. Journal of Palynology 26: 171-217.
Kar RK 1990b. Palynological studies of the Barail Group (Oligocene) in the type area, Assam. Palaeobotanist 38: 229-242.
Kar RK 1992. Stratigraphical implications of Tertiary palynological succession in north-eastern and western India. Palaeobotanist 40: 336-344.
Kar RK & Bhattacharya M 1992. Palynology of Rajpardi lignite, Cambay Basin and Gujra Dam and Akri lignite, Kutch Basin. Palaeobotanist 39(2): 250-263.
Kar RK, Handique GK, Kalita CK, Mandal J, Sarkar S, Kumar M & Gupta A 1994. Palynostratigraphical studies on subsurface Tertiary sediments in Upper Assam Basin, India. Palaeobotanist 42(2): 183- 198.
Kar RK, Mandaokar BD & Kar R 2005. Mycorrhizal fossil fungi from the Miocene sediments of Mizoram, Northeast India. Current Science. 89: 257-259.
Kar RK, Mandaokar BD & Kar R 2006. Fossil aquatic fungi from the Miocene sediments of Mizoram, North-east India. Current Science 90: 291-292.
Kar RK & Saxena RK 1976. Algal and fungal microfossils from Matanomadh Formation (Palaeocene), Kutch, India. Palaeobotanist 23(1): 1-15.
Kar RK & Saxena RK 1981. Palynological investigation of a bore core near Rataria, southern Kutch, Gujarat. Geophytology 11(2): 103- 124.
Kar RK, Sharma N, Agarwal A & Kar R 2003. Occurrence of fossil wood rotters (Polyporales) from Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian), India. Current Science 85: 37-40.
Kar RK, Sharma N & Kar R 2004. Occurrence of fossil fungi in Dinosaur Dung and its implication on food habit. Current Science 87: 1053- 1056.
Kar RK, Sharma N & Verma UK 2004. Plant pathogen Protocolletotrichum from the Deccan Intertrappean Bed (Maastrichtian), India. Cretaceous Research 25: 945-950.
Kar RK, Singh RY & Sah SCD 1972. On some algal and fungal remains from Tura Formation of Garo Hills, Assam. Palaeobotanist 19(2): 146-154.
Ke & Shi 1978. (Pseudonym of Sung ZC, Tsao L, Chou HI, Kwang HL & Wang KT) Early Tertiary spores and pollen grains from the coastal region of the Bohai (in Chinese). Academy of Petroleum Exploration, Development and Planning Research of the Ministry of Petroleum and Chemical Industries and the Nanjing Institute of Geology, and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kexue Chubanshe, Peking, 177 p.
Khubalkar NV 2003. Sclerotites chitaleyii sp. nov., a permineralized fungus from Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaonkalan, Madhya Pradesh, India. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 6: 289-295.
Kidston R & Lang WH 1921. On Old Sandstone plants showing structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part V. The thallophyta occurring in the peat-bed; the succession of the plants through a vertical section of the bed, and the conditions of accumulation and preservation of the deposit. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 52: 855-902.
Koshal VN 1980. Palynology of the Tertiary subsurface of Dabka, Gujarat: pp. 686-690. In: Bharadwaj DC et al. (Editors) – Proceedings of the 4th International Palynological Conference, Lucknow 1976- 77, Volume 2, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Koshal VN & Uniyal SN 1984. Palaeocene - Early Eocene palynofossils in the subsurface of North Cambay Basin, Gujarat (western India): pp. 233-243. In: Badve RM et al. (Editors) - Proceeding of the 10th Indian Colloquium on Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy, Pune 1982, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune.
Koshal VN & Uniyal SN 1986. Palynostratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession of Cambay Basin, Gujarat. Bulletin of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 54: 208-226.
Kumar A 1994. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments exposed along the Silchar – Haflong Road Section, southern Assam. Palaeontographica Indica 2: 1-241.
Kumar A & Takahashi K 1991. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments of southern Assam, India. Bull. Faculty Liberal Arts, Nagasaki Univ. (Natural Science) 31(2): 515-659.
Kumar M 1996. Palynostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Early Eocene palynoflora of Rajpardi lignite, Bharuch District, Gujarat. Palaeobotanist 43(3): 110-121.
Kumar M, Mandal JP, Dutta SK, Bhuyan D, Das B & Saikia B 2001. Palynostratigraphy of the subsurface sediments of Upper Assam Basin, India. Geobios 34(3): 241-251.
Kumar M, Saxena RK & Chandra A 2004: Dispersed organic matter from Neogene and Pleistocene sediments of Site 218 of Deep-Sea Drilling Project Leg 22, Bengal Fan, Indian Ocean. Palaeobotanist 53(1-3): 155-160.
Kumar P 1990. Fungal remains from the Miocene Quilon Bed of Kerala state, South India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 63: 13- 28.
Kumaran KPN, Soman K, Kamble CV & Joseph A 1995. Palynofloral analysis of sections from Bharathi and Kundra Clay Mines of Kerala Basin: Palaeoecological and tectonic perspective. Current Science 69(12): 1023-1027.
Lakhanpal RN., Dayal R & Jain RK 1967. A fossil lagenidialean fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, Madhya Pradesh. Current Science 36(8): 210-211.
Lange RT & Smith PH 1971. The Maslin Bay flora, South Australia. 3. Dispersed fungal spores. Neves Jahrb. Geol. Palaontol. Monatsh. 11: 663-681.
Léveillé JH 1845. Descriptions des champignons du Muséum du Paris. Annaes de Sciencias Naturaes 5: 111-304.
Mahabale TS 1969. On a fossil species of Diplodia redei from the Deccan Intertrappean Series, M. P., India. Palaeobotanist 17(3): 295-297.
Mallesham C, Ramakrishna H & Ramanujam CGK 1989. Fungal assemblage from the subsurface Miocene sediments of East Coast of southern India: pp. 15-18. In: Patil GV et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Fifth All India Symposium on Palynology, Nagpur, 1979. Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Nagpur.
Mandal J 1997. Palynofossils from the Tertiary (Barail Group) of Nagaland: Palaeoecological iterpretation and age. Palaeobotanist 45 98-108.
Mandal J, Chandra A & Bhattacharyya AP 2003. Palynology of the Baratang Formation, Andaman-Nicobar Islands and the significance of reworked palynomorphs. Palaeobotanist 52(1-3): 97-112.
Mandal J, Chandra A & Kar RK 1996. Palynological findings from the mud volcanoes of Baratang Island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) Geophytology 25: 77-81.
Mandaokar BD 1991. Palynology of Miocene rocks around Maibong, Assam. Geophytology 20(1): 24-29.
Mandaokar BD 1993. A palynological investigation of the Tikak Parbat Formation (Oligocene) of Dangri Kumari Colliery, Dibrugarh District, Assam, India. Tertiary Research 14(4): 127-139.
Mandaokar BD 1999. Occurrence of palynofossils from the Tirap River Section (Disang Group), Tinsukia District, Assam. Palaeobotanist 48(3): 239-243.
Mandaokar BD 2000a. Palynology and palaeoenvironment of the Bhuban Formation (Early Miocene) of Ramrikawn near Aizawl, Mizoram, India. Palaeobotanist 49(2): 317-324.
Mandaokar BD 2000b. Palynology of coal bearing sediments in the Tikak Parbat Formation from Jeypore Colliery, Dilli-Jeypore Coalfields, Assam, India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 45: 173-185.
Mandaokar BD 2000c. Palynology of coal bearing sediments of the Tikak Parbat Formation (Oligocene) from Namchik River Section, Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Tertiary Research 20(1-4): 37-46.
Mandaokar BD 2002a. An interpretation of the palynology and palaeoecology of the Early Miocene Dulte Formation, Mizoram, India. Palaeobotanist 51(1-3): 113-121.
Mandaokar BD 2002b. Palynological investigation of the Tikak Parbat Formation (Late Oligocene) of Borjan area, Nagaland, India. Minetech 23(1-2): 19-33.
Mandaokar BD 2002c. Palynoflora from the Keifang Formation (Early Miocene), Mizoram, India and its environmental significance. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 47: 77-83.
Mandaokar BD 2003. Palynology and palaeoecological consideration of Middle Bhuban Formation (Miocene), Lawngtlai, Mizoram, India. Gondwana Geological Mag., Special Volume 6: 185-193.
Mandaokar BD 2004. Age and depositional environment of the Upper Bhuban Formation of Champhai area (Eastern Mizo Hills), India – A palynological approach. Palaeobotanist 53(1-3): 143-153.
Mandaokar BD 2005. Palynostratigraphy of the coal-bearing sediments of the Tikak Parbat Formation from Ledo Colliery, Makum Coalfield, Assam, India. Minetech 26(1): 46-55.
Mandaokar BD, Chauhan MS & Chatterjee S 2008. Fungal remains from Late Holocene lake deposits of Demagiri, Mizoram, India and their palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 53(2): 197-205.
Martínez-Hernández E & Tomasini-Ortiz AC 1989. Spores, hyphae and other fungal remains from the Fuentes-Rio Escondino Carboniferous basin (Campanian-Maastrichtian), Coahuila State, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Geologia, Revista 8: 235-242.
Mathur YK 1966. Studies in the fossil microflora of Kutch, India. II. On the microflora in the Supra-trappeans of western Kutch, India. Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 38: 33-51.
Mathur YK & Mathur K 1969. Studies in the fossil flora of Kutch (India) - 3. On the palaeopalynoflora in the Pliocene sediments of Naera-Baraia area, Kutch. Bulletin of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India 42: 1-12.
McNeill J, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Demoulin V, Hawksworth DL, Marhold K, Nicolson DH., Prado J, Silva PC, Skog JE, Wiersema JH & Turland NJ (Editors) 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code), adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. ARG Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein. [Regnum Veg. 146].
Mehrotra NC 1983. Palynology of Mikir Formation in the type area. Geosci. Jl 4: 1-34.
Mehrotra NC, Saxena RK & Sharma J 2000. Palynological interpretation of the Pre-Barail sediments in the Upper Assam Basin, India. ONGC Bulletin 37(1): 145-156.
Mehrotra NC, Venkatachala BS, Swamy SN & Kapoor PN 2002. Palynology in hydrocarbon exploration (The Indian Scenario) - Part I.: Category - I Basins. Memoir Geol. Soc. India 48: 1-161.
Meschinelli A 1902. Fungorum fossilium omnium Iconographia. In Aedibus J. Galla, Vicetiae, 144 p. Miller JH 1961. A monograph of the world species of Hypoxylon. University of Georgia Press, Athens, 158 p.
Misra CM & Kapoor PN 1994. Palaeocene to Middle Miocene palynoflora, age and palaeoenvironment of the Jwalamukhi-B, Himalayan Foothills: 147-160. In: Biswas SK et al. (Editors) – Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Petroliferous basins of India 3. Himalayan Foothills and Gondwana Basins, Geoscientific studies and Hydrocarbon Exploration Techniques. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehradun.
Misra CM, Swamy SN, Prasad B, Pundeer BS, Rawat RS & Singh K 1996. Netothyrites gen. nov. a fungal fossil fruit-body from the Paleocene sediments of India. Geoscience Journal 17(1): 17-23.
Misra UK, Shanker K & Patil RS 1996. Biostratigraphy of the post Kopili sediments of Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Journal of the Geological Society of India 48(1): 93-100.
Mitra S & Banerjee M 2000. On the occurrence of epiphyllous Deuteromycetous fossil fungi Palaeocercospora siwalikensis gen. et sp. nov. and Palaeocolletotrichum graminioides gen. et sp. nov. from Neogene sediments of Darjeeling Foothills, Eastern Himalaya. Journal of Mycopathological Research 37(2): 7-11.
Mitra S, Bera S & Banerjee M 2000. Palynofloral assemblage from Siwalik Foredeep Neogene sediments of Darjeeling Foot Hills, Eastern Himalaya. Geophytology 28(1-2): 121-127.
Mohabey DM & Samant B 2003. Floral remains from Late Cretaceous faecal mass of sauropods from Central India: Implication to their diet and habitat. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 6: 225-238.
Mukherjee B & Chakraborty K 1984. Palynology of the Calcutta peat with reference to its origin and environment of deposition: 505- 514. In: Badve RM et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the 10th Indian Colloquium on Micropaleontology and Stratigraphy, Pune, 1982. Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune.
Mustard PS & Rouse GE 1994. Stratigraphy and evolution of Tertiary Georgia Basin and subjacent Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 481: 97-169.
Nandi B & Bandyopadhyay NN 1970. Prelimnary observations on the microfossils and microstructures of Siwalik lignite from Himachal Pradesh, India. Sci. Cult. 36: 240-242.
Nandi B, Banerjee S & Sinha A 2003. Fossil Xylariaceae spores from the Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments of Northeastern India. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 42(1): 56-67.
Navale GKB 1968. Microfossil analysis of Neyveli Lignite by polished surface technique. Palaeobotanist 16: 141-144.
Norris G 1986. Systematic and stratigraphic palynology of Eocene to Pliocene strata in the Imperial Nuktak C-22 well, Mackenzie Delta Region, District of Mackenzie, N.W.T. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, Bulletin 340, 89 p.
Pant DD, Srivastava GK & Pant R 1983. On the cuticular structure of leaves of Desmiophyllum type from Bansa beds of India and their assignment to the genus Harrisiophyllum nov. Palaeontographica Abt. B 185: 38-55.
Paradkar SA 1975. On a new monocot axis with pathogenic fungi from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India. Geophytology 5(1): 94-97.
Paradkar SA 1976. Pollen and fungal spores association on a fossil leaf from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India. Journal of Palynology 10(2): 119-125.
Paradkar SA & Barlinge SG 1980. Addition to the microflora of Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaon-Kalan. Advances in Pollen-Spore Research 5-7: 243-256.
Pareek HS 1962. Microscopic study of Palana lignite. Records of the Geological Survey of India 87(4): 823-830.
Pareek HS 1958. Fungal bodies in Talchir coals. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 3: 214-215.
Parsons MG & Norris G 1999. Paleogene fungi from the Caribou Hills, Mackenzie Delta, northern Canada. Palaeontographica Abt. B 250: 77-167.
Pathak NR & Banerjee M 1984. Fungal spores from the Neogene sediments of the eastern Himalayan foothills, Darjeeling District: 245-259. In: Badve RM et al. (Editors) - Proceeding of the 10th Indian Colloquium on Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy, Pune 1982, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune.
Patil GV & Singh RB 1974. An infected stem from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaon Kalan. Botanique 5(2): 141-145.
Patil KS & Datar K 2002. A new Hyphomycetes fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Wardha District, Maharashtra. Geophytology 30(1-2): 31-35.
Patil RS & Ramanujam CGK 1988. Fungal flora of the carbonaceous clays from Tonakkal area, Kerala. Geological Survey of India, Special Publication 11(2): 261-270.
Phadtare NR 1989. Palaeoecologic significance of some fungi from the Miocene of Tanakpur (U.P.) India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 59: 127-131.
Phadtare NR & Kulkarni AR 1980. Palynological investigation of Ratnagiri lignite, Maharashtra. Geophytology 10(2): 158-170.
Phadtare NR & Kulkarni AR 1984. Palynological assemblage of lignite exposure of Ratnagiri District: 515-531. In: Badve RM et al. (Editors) – Proceeding of the 10th Indian Colloquium on Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy, Pune 1982, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune.
Phadtare NR, Kumar R & Ghosh SK 1994. Stratigraphic palynology, floristic succession and the Tatrot/Pinjor Boundary in Upper Siwalik sediments of Haripur Khol area, District Sirmaur (H.P.), India. Himalayan Geology 15: 68-82.
Pierce RL 1961. Lower Upper Cretaceous plant microfossils from Minnesota. Bulletin of the Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota 42: 1-86.
Pirozynski KA 1976. Fungal spores in the fossil record. Biological Memoirs (In collaboration with International Society of Applied Biology) 1: 104-120.
Pirozynski KA 1978. Fungal spores through the ages - a mycologist’s view. Proceedings of the IV International Palynological Conference, Lucknow, (1976-77) 1: 327-330.
Pirozynski KA & Weresub LK 1979. The classification and nomenclature of fossil fungi. In: The whole fungus, the Sexual-Asexual Synthesis. B. Kendrick (Editor) - Proceedings of the 2nd International Mycological Conference, University of Calgary, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada 2: 653-688.
Potonié R & Sah SCD 1960. Sporae dispersae of the lignites from Cannanore beach of the Malabar Coast of India. Palaeobotanist 7(2): 121-135.
Prasad MNV 1986. Fungal remains from the Holocene peat deposits of Tripura state, North-eastern India. Pollen Spores 28(3-4): 365- 390.
Prasad MNV & Ramesh NR 1983. Fungal spores from the Holocene sediments of Tripura, India. Current Science 52(6): 254-256.
Purekar PN 1962. Microflora of Karewa beds. Current Science 31: 420- 421.
Raha PK, Rajendran CP & Kar RK 1987. Record of Early Tertiary deposits in Kerala, India and its palaeogeographic significance. Geophytology 17(2): 209-218.
Rajendran CP, Raha PK & Kar RK 1989. Palynological assemblage from Neogene outcrops of Kerala coast, India. Indian Minerals 43(1): 39-46
Ramanujam CGK 1963a. Thyriothecia of Asterineae from the south Arcot lignite, Madras. Current Science 32: 327-328.
Ramanujam CGK 1963b. On two new species of fossil fungi from the South-Arcot lignite. Proceedings of the 50th Indian Science Congress 13: 396.
Ramanujam CGK 1982. Recent advances in the study of fossil fungi: pp. 287-301. In: Bharadwaj DC (Editor) - Recent Advances in Cryptogamic Botany 2, Palaeobotanical Society, Lucknow.
Ramanujam CGK & Ramachar P 1963. Sporae dispersae of the rust fungi (Uredinales) from the Miocene lignite of South India. Current Science 32: 271-272.
Ramanujam CGK & Ramachar P 1980. Recognizable spores of rust fungi (Uridinales) from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Geological Survey of India 113(5): 80-85.
Ramanujam CGK & Rao KP 1973. On some microthyriaceous fungi from a Tertiary lignite of South India. Palaeobotanist 20(2): 203- 209.
Ramanujam CGK & Rao KP 1977. A palynological approach to the study of Warkalli deposits of Kerala in South India. Geophytology 7(2): 160-164.
Ramanujam CGK & Rao KP 1978. Fungal spores from the Neogene strata of Kerala in South India: 291-304. In: Bharadwaj DC et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the 4th International Palynological Conference, Lucknow 1976-77, Volume 1, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Ramanujam CGK, Reddy PR & Rao GM 1991. Palynoassemblages of the subsurface Tertiary at Pattanakad, Alleppey District, Kerala State. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 36: 51-58.
Ramanujam CGK & Srisailam K 1980. Fossil fungal spores from the Neogene Beds around Cannanore in Kerala state. Botanique 9(1-4): 119-138.
Rao AR 1943. Jurassic spores and sporangia from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, India 13(2): 113-133.
Rao AR 1958. Fungal remains from some Tertiary deposits of India. Palaeobotanist 7(1): 43-46. Rao AR & Menon VK 1970. Fungal remains and associated leaf cuticles from the Quaternary bed of Pykara. Ootacamand, South India. Journal of Palynology 5(2): 74-84.
Rao GM, Reddy PR & Ramanujam CGK 1995. Palynoassemblage of the subsurface Tertiary sediments at Kulasekharamangalam in Kottayam District, Kerala. Proceedings of the International Conference on Global environment and diversification of plants through geological time. Birbal Sahni Centenary Volume: 371-374. Society of Indian Plant Taxonomists, Allahabad.
Rao KP & Ramanujam CGK 1975. A palynological approach to the study of Quilon Beds of Kerala State in South India. Current Science 44: 730-732.
Rao KP & Ramanujam CGK 1976. A further record of microthyriaceous fungi from the Neogene deposits of Kerala in South India. Geophytology 6(1): 98-104.
Rao MR 1990. Palynological investigation of Arthungal Borehole, Alleppy District, Kerala. Palaeobotanist 38: 243-255.
Rao MR 1995. Fungal remains from Tertiary sediments of Kerala Basin, India. Geophytology 24(2): 233-236.
Rao MR 1996. An Early Miocene palynofloral assemblage from Turavur Borehole, Alleppey District, Kerala – its palaeoecological and stratigraphical significance. Geophytology 25(1-2):155-163.
Rao MR 2000. Palynological investigation of the Kherapara Formation (Oligocene) exposed along Tura-Dalu Road near Kherapara, West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya, India. Palaeobotanist 49(2): 293- 309.
Rao MR 2003. Kalviwadithyrites, a new fungal fruiting body from Sindhudurg Formation (Miocene) of Maharashtra, India. Palaeobotanist 52(1-3): 117-119.
Rao MR 2004. Palynological investigation of the Sindhudurg Formation (Miocene) exposed at Kalviwadi, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India. Palaeobotanist 53(1-3): 123-135.
Rao MR & Nair KK 1998. Palynological investigation of Miocene sediments exposed in Kannanellur – Kundara area, Kollam district, Kerala. Geophytology 27(1-2): 49-59.
Rao MR & Patnaik R 2001. Palynology of the Late Pliocene sediments of Pinjor Formation, Haryana, India. Palaeobotanist 50(2-3): 267- 286.
Ratan R & Chandra A 1982. Isolated thyriothecia from the surface (bottom) sediments of the Arabian Sea. Geophytology 12(2): 260- 263.
Rawat MS, Mukherjee JS & Venkatachala BS 1977. Palynology of the Kadi Formation, Cambay Basin, India: 179-192. In: Venkatachala BS and Sastri VV (Editors) – Proceedings of the 4th Colloquium on Indian Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy, Dehradun 1974-75, Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Dehradun. Reddy PR,
Ramanujam CGK & Srisailam K 1982. Fungal fructifications from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu - their stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic significance. Records of the Geological Survey of India 114(5): 112-122.
Rosendahl CO 1943. Some fossil fungi from Minnsota. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 70: 126-138.
Rouse GE 1959. Plant microfossils from Kootenay coal-measures strata of British Columbia. Micropaleontology 5: 303-324.
Rouse GE 1962. Plant microfossils from the Burrard Formation of Western British Columbia. Micropaleontology 8: 187-218.
Rouse GE & Mustard PS 1997. Nomenclatural note and corrections. Palynology 21: 207-208. Saccardo PA 1882-1926. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Volumes 1-25.
Sah SCD & Kar RK 1974. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments of Palana, Rajasthan. Palaeobotanist 21(2): 163-188.
Sahni B & Rao HS 1943. A silicified flora from the Intertrappean cherts round Sausar in the Deccan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India 13(1): 36-75.
Salard-Cheboldaeff M & Locquin MV 1980. Champignons présents au Tertiaire le long du littoral de l’Afrique équatoriale. 105e Congrès National des Sociétés savantes, Caen, 1980, Sciences, fascicule 1: 183-195.
Salmon ES 1903. Cercosporites sp., a new fossil fungus. Journal of Botany 41: 127-130.
Salujha SK, Basavaraju MH & Kindra JS 1991. Palynological study of Tertiary sediments met within the well Adamtila-A (Cachar) with remarks on age and palaeoenvironment. ONGC Bulletin 27(2): 63- 78.
Salujha SK & Kindra GS 1986. Palynostratigraphy of the Silchar-Haflong Road Traverse, District Cachar. Bull geol. Min. metall. Soc. India 54: 238-249.
Salujha SK, Kindra GS & Rehman K 1972. Palynology of the South Shillong Front. Part I: The Palaeogene of Garo Hills: 265-291. In: Ghosh AK et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Seminar on Paleopalynology and Indian Stratigraphy Calcutta 1971, Botany Department, Calcutta University.
Salujha SK, Kindra GS & Rehman K 1974. Palynology of the South Shillong Front. Part II:The Palaeogenes of Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Palaeobotanist 21(3): 267-284.
Salujha SK, Kindra GS & Rehman K 1979. Palynostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments of the Gojalia Anticline, Tripura: Pt. 2-Systematic palynology. Journal of Palynology 14(1): 71-93.
Salujha SK, Kindra GS & Rehman K 1980. Palynostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments of the Tulamura Anticline, Tripura: 667-685. In: Bharadwaj DC et al. (Editors) – Proceedings of the 4th International Palynological Conference Lucknow 1976-77, Volume 2, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
Salujha SK, Rawat MS & Rehman K 1967. Palynological study of pre Tertiary (Ujhani) sediments in Uttar Pradesh, India. ONGC Bulletin 4(1): 56-61.
Salujha SK, Rehman K & Kindra GS 1973. Distinction between the Bhuban and Bokabil sediments on the southern edge of Shillong Plateau based on palynofossil assemblage. ONGC Bulletin 10(1-2): 109-117.
Salujha SK, Srivastava NC & Rawat MS 1969. Microfloral assemblage from Subathu sediments of Simla Hills. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 12: 25-40.
Samant B 1994. Age of the Bhaunagar lignite deposit of Gujarat. Journal of Palynology 30(1-2): 49.
Samant B 2000. Fungal remains from the Bhavnagar lignite, Gujarat, India. Geophytology 28(1-2): 11-18.
Samant B & Phadtare NR 1997. Stratigraphic palynoflora of the Early Eocene Rajpardi lignite, Gujarat and the lower age limit of the Tarkeshwar Formation of South Cambay Basin, India. Palaeontographica Abt. B 245(1-6): 1-108.
Samant B & Tapaswi PM 2000. Fungal remains from the Surat lignite deposits (Early Eocene) of Gujarat, India. Gondwana Geological Magazine 15(2): 25-30.
Samant B & Tapaswi PM 2001. Palynology of the Early Eocene Surat lignite deposits of Gujarat, India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society India 46: 121-132.
Samoilovich SR 1953. Pollen and spores from the Permian deposits of the Chedynsk and Aktyubinsk areas, Cis-Urals. Paleobotanicheskii sbornik, Vsesoiuznii nauchnoissledovatel’skii geologo-razvedochnyi Institut, Leningrad, Trudy, new series, no. 75: 5-57.
Sarkar S 1991. Eocene palynofossils from the Kakara Series of the Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 67(1-2): 1-11.
Sarkar S 1997. Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Subathu Formation (Eocene) of Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Petroleum Geology 6(1): 99-115.
Sarkar S, Bhattacharyya AP & Singh HP 1994. Palynology of Middle Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene) from Bagh Rao, Uttar Pradesh. Palaeobotanist 42(2): 199-209.
Sarkar S & Prasad V 2000a. Palaeoenvironmental significance of dinoflagellate cysts from the Subathu Formation (Late Ypresian Middle Lutetian) of Koshalia Nala Section, Shimla Hills, India. Himalayan Geology 21(1-2): 167-176.
Sarkar S & Prasad V 2000b. Palynostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Subathu Formation (Late Ypresian-Middle Lutetian), Morni Hills, Haryana, India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 45: 137-149.
Sarkar S & Prasad V 2003. Koshalia, an Incertae sedis fossil from the Subathu Formation (Late Ypresian) Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 52: 113-116.
Sarkar S & Singh HP 1988. Palynological investigation of the Subathu Formation (Eocene) in the Banethi-Bagthan area of Himachal Pradesh. Palaeontographica 209B: 29-109.
Sarkar S & Singh HP 1994. Palaeoecology of the Lower Siwalik palynofloras from Kundlu and Nalagarh formations, Himachal Pradesh, India. Himalayan Geology 15: 95-106.
Sarma PS & Reddy PR 1988. Fungal spores from the Neyveli lignite deposit. Journal of Swamy Botanical Club. 6(1): 5-11.
Saxena G 1984. A pythiaceous fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaon Kalan, M.P., India: 363-364. In: Tiwari RS et al. (Editors) – Proceedings of the 5th Indian Geophytological Conference, Lucknow 1983, Special Publication, Palaeobotanical Society, Lucknow.
Saxena RK 1991. A catalogue of fossil plants from India - Part 5B. Tertiary fungi. Special Publication, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow: 1-19.
Saxena RK 1992. Hypoxylonites Elsik 1990, a correct name for Hypoxylonsporites Kumar 1990 and its Indian records. Geophytology 21: 211-212.
Saxena RK 1992. Neyveli lignites and associated sediments - their palynology, palaeoecology, correlation and age. Palaeobotanist 40: 345-353.
Saxena RK 2000. Palynological investigation of the Sindhudurg Formation in the type area, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India. ONGC Bulletin 37(1): 157-166.
Saxena RK 2006. A Catalogue of Tertiary Fungi from India (1989- 2005). Special Publication, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow: 1-37.
Saxena RK 2009. Substitute names for later homonyms of five species and validation of the names of eight species of fossil fungi from Indian Tertiary sediments. Mycotaxon 110: 47-51.
Saxena RK & Bhattacharyya AP 1987. Palynology of the Siwalik sediments of Kala Amb-Nahan area in Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh. Palaeobotanist 35(2): 187-195.
Saxena RK & Bhattacharyya AP 1990. Palynological investigation of the Dharmsala sediments in Dharmsala area, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 19(2): 109-116.
Saxena RK & Khare S 1992. Fungal remains from the Neyveli Formation of Tiruchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. Geophytology 21: 37- 43.
Saxena RK & Misra NK 1990. Palynological investigation of the Ratnagiri Beds of Sindhu Durg District, Maharashtra. Palaeobotanist 38: 263-276.
Saxena RK & Ranhotra PS 2009. Palynofloral study of the Intertrappean Bed exposed at a new locality in Kutch District, Gujarat, India and its implications on palaeoenvironment and age. Journal of the Geological Society of India 74: 690-696.
Saxena RK & Rao MR 1996. Palynological investigation of the Boldamgiri Formation (Early Miocene) in type area, Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Geophytology 26(1): 43-56.
Saxena RK & Sarkar S 1986. Morphological study of Frasnacritetrus Taugourdeau emend. from Tertiary sediments of Himachal Pradesh, India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 46: 209-225.
Saxena RK & Sarkar S 2000. Palynological investigation of the Siju Formation (Middle Eocene) in the type area, South Garo Hills, India. Palaeobotanist 49(2): 253-267.
Saxena RK, Sarkar S & Singh HP 1984. Palynological investigation of Siwalik sediments of Bhakra-Nangal area, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 14(2): 178-198.
Saxena RK & Singh HP 1980. Occurrence of palynofossils from the Pinjor Formation (Upper Siwalik) exposed near Chandigarh. Current Science 49(12): 479-480.
Saxena RK & Singh HP 1982a. Palynological investigation of the Upper Siwalik sediments exposed along Hoshiarpur-Una Road Section in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 12(2): 287-306.
Saxena RK & Singh HP 1982b. Palynology of the Pinjor Formation (Upper Siwalik) exposed near Chandigarh, India. Palaeobotanist 30(3): 325-339.
Saxena RK, Singh HP & Rao MR 1988. Palynology of the Tatrot Pinjor sequence exposed between Masol and Kiratpur in Ambala District, Haryana. Geophytology 17(2): 270-284.
Saxena RK, Tripathi SKM & Prasad V 1996. Palynofloral investigation of the Tura Formation (Palaeocene) in Nongwal Bibra area, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Geophytology 26(1): 19-31.
Schmiedeknecht M & Schwab G 1964. Bulbillen fossiler Pilze aus einer tertiären Weichbraunkohle. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 6: 683-692.
Selkirk DR 1975. Tertiary fossil fungi from Kiandra, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, New South Wales 100: 70-94.
Shanmukhappa M & Koshal VN 1993. Palynological investigation of Eocene sediments in Gandhar area, Broach Depression, Cambay Basin: 191-202. In: Biswas SK et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Petroliferous basins of India 2. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehradun.
Sharma C 1976. Some fungal spores from Quaternary deposits of Malvan, Gujarat. Palaeobotanist 23(2): 79-81.
Sharma N, Kar RK, Agarwal A & Kar R 2005. Fungi in dinosaurian (Isisaurus) coprolites from the Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) and its reflection on food habit and environment. Micropaleontology 51(1): 73-82.
Sheffy MV & Dilcher DL 1971. Morphology and taxonomy of fungal spores. Palaeontographica Abt. B 133(1-3): 34-51.
Siddhanta BK 1986. The age of Neyveli lignite with reference to stratigraphy and palynology. Indian Minerals 40: 61-82.
Singh H & Tripathi SKM 2010. Fungal remains from the Early Palaeogene subsurface sediments of Barakha, Barmer District, western Rajasthan, India. Geophytology 39(1-2): 9-15.
Singh HP & Sarkar S 1984a. Palynological investigation of Ramshahr Well-1, Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 32(2): 91-112.
Singh HP & Sarkar S 1984b. A Kasauli palynoflora from Banethi area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Geophytology 14(1): 40-54.
Singh HP & Sarkar S 1992. Palynology and palaeoenvironment of Lower Tertiary sediments around Garkhal, Himachal Pradesh, India. Geophytology 22: 181-192.
Singh HP & Sarkar S 1994. Palynostratigraphy of the Kasauli Formation (Lower Miocene), Himachal Pradesh, India. Geophytology 24(1): 49-54.
Singh HP & Saxena RK 1980. Upper Siwalik palynoflora from Gagret Bharwain Road Section, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 10(2): 278-279.
Singh HP & Saxena RK 1981. Palynology of the Upper Siwalik sediments in Una District, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology 11(2): 173-181.
Singh HP & Saxena RK 1984. Palynology of the Neogene sediments of Jorajan Well-3, Upper Assam: 613-631. In: Sharma AK et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Symposium on Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigraphy Calcutta 1979, AK Ghosh Commemoration Volume, Current Trends in Life Sciences 10
Singh HP, Saxena RK & Rao MR 1986. Palynology of the Barail (Oligocene) and Surma (Lower Miocene) sediments exposed along Sonapur-Badarpur Road Section, Jaintia Hills (Meghalaya) and Cachar (Assam). Part II. Fungal remains. Palaeobotanist 35(1): 93-105.
Singh RB & Patil GV 1980. On remains of Coelomycetes in Mohgaon Kalan Intertraps, M.P., India. Botanique 9(1-4): 13-20.
Singh RS 1990. Palynology of Langrin Coalfield, South Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya. Palaeobotanist 38: 217-228.
Singh RS. & Kar R 2003. Palynological assemblage from the Deccan Intertrappean sediments, Lalitpur, U.P., India. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 6: 217-223.
Singh RS & Kar RK 2002. Palaeocene palynofossils from the Lalitpur Intertrappean Beds, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India 60: 213-216.
Singh RY, Dogra NN & Vimal KP 1985. Palynology of the Barail sediments in the states of Assam and Meghalaya, India. Journal of Palynology 21: 28-55.
Singh SK & Chauhan MS 2008. Fungal remains from the Neogene sediments of Mahuadanr Vally, Latehar District, Jharkhand, India and their palaeoclimatic significance. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 53(1): 73-81.
Singh T & Tripathi SKM 1990. Siwalik sediments of Arunachal Himalaya: palynology, palaeoecology and palaeogeography. Palaeobotanist 38: 325-332.
Singh TCN & Mathew K 1954. On the occurrence of certain mummified fossil plants in Neyveli lignite. Proceedings of the 41st Indian Science Congress, Hyderabad 4: 29 (Abstract). Singhai LC 1974. Fossil fungi from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Biological Sciences 17: 92-102.
Singhai LC 1978. Palaeophthora mohgaonensis Singhai - a fossil fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District, M.P., India. Palaeobotanist 5: 481-485.
Sitholey RV, Srivastava PN & Varma CP 1953. Microfossils from the Upper Vindhyans, with a discussion on the age of the Vindhyans in the light of plant fossil discoveries. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India 19(2): 195-202.
Smith PH 1980. Trichothyriaceous fungi from the Early Tertiary of southern England. Palaeontology 23: 205-212.
Song Zhichen 1985. A research on Tertiary palynology from the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province. Edited by Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Qinghai Petroleum Administration, [and] Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 297 p. (in Chinese). Petroleum Industry Press.
Song Zhichen & Cao Liu 1994. Late Cretaceous fungal spores from King George Island, Antarctica. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Fides Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, Monograph 3: 47- 49.
Srivastava R 2008. Fossil woods resembling Sonneratia with fungal infection from Deccan Intertrappean sediments of Seoni District, Madhya Pradesh. Geophytology 37: 87-92.
Srivastava R, Kapgate DK & Chatterjee S 2009. Permineralized fungal remains in the fossil wood of Barringtonia from the Deccan Intertrappean sediments of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India. Palaeobotanist 58: 11-19.
Srivastava R & Kar RK 2004. Record of new petrified epiphyllous fungi (Polyhyphaethyrites) from the Deccan Intertrappaen beds of Mohgaon Kalan, Madhya Pradesh, India. Current Science 87: 866- 867.
Srivastava SC & Bhattacharyya AP 2000. Palynology in stratigraphy of Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequences from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 49(3): 371-383.
Srivastava SK 1968. Fungal elements from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 1115-1118.
Stevens FL 1925. Hawaiian fungi. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 19: 1-189.
Stevens FL & Manter HW 1925. The Hemisphaeriaceae of British Guiana and Trinidad. Botanical Gazette 79: 265-294.
Subramanian CV 1971. Hyphomycetes, an account of Indian species, except Cercosporae. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 930 p.
Taugourdeau P 1968. Sur un curieux microfossile incertae sedis du Frasnien du Boulonnais. Cahiers de Micropaléontologie, Série 1, no. 10 (Archives originales du Centre de Documentation du C.N.R.S. no. 452): 1-4.
Teterevnikova-Babaian DN & Taslakhchian MG 1973. New data on fossil fungal spores in Armenia. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Mycology and Phytology 4: 159-164.
Thaxter R 1891 On certain new or peculiar North American Hyphomycetes. II. Helicocephalum, Gonatorrhodiella, Desmidiospora nov. genera and Everharti lignatilis n. sp. Botanical Gazette (Crawfordsville) 16: 201-205.
Theissen F 1914. Trichopeltaceae n. fam. Hemisphaerialium. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde 93: 625-640.
Thirumalachar MJ 1944. A new genus of smuts. Mycologia 36: 591- 597.
Tiwari RS & Tripathi A 1995. Palynological assemblages and absolute age relationships of Intertrappean beds in Rajmahal Basin, India. Cretaceous Research 16: 53-72.
Tripathi A 2001. Fungal remains from Early Cretaceous Intertrappean Beds of Rajmahal Formation in Rajmahal Basin, India. Cretaceous Research 22: 565-574.
Tripathi RP, Shrivastava KL & Sharma BD 1999. Plant microfossils from the lignite deposit (Eocene) of Barsinghsar in Bikaner District, Rajasthan, India. Palaeobotanist 47: 110-115.
Tripathi SKM 1989. Algal and fungal remains from Jowai-Sonapur Road Section (Palaeocene-Eocene), Meghalaya. Palaeobotanist 37(1): 63- 74.
Tripathi SKM 1995. Palynology of subsurface Palaeocene-Eocene sediments near Kapurdi, Barmer District, Rajasthan, India. Palaeobotanist 43(1): 45-53.
Tripathi SKM 2009. Fungi from palaeoenvironments: their role in environmental interpretations. In Misra, JK and Deshmukh S (eds.) Fungi from different environments: 1-27. Science Publishers Enfield, Hampshire, USA.
Tripathi SKM, Saxena RK & Prasad V 2000. Palynological investigation of the Tura Formation (Early Eocene) exposed along Tura-Dalu Road, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Palaeobotanist 49(2): 239- 251.
Tripathi SKM, Singh UK & Sisodia MS 2003. Palynological investigation and environmental interpretation on Akli Formation (Late Palaeocene) from Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India. Palaeobotanist 52(1-3): 87-95.
Trivedi BS & Verma CL 1973. A new fossil fungus from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 20(1): 71-73.
Trivedi GK & Saxena RK 2000. Palynofloral investigation of the Kopili Formation (Late Eocene) exposed near Umrongso in North Cachar Hills District, Assam, India. Palaeobotanist. 49(2): 269-280.
Van der Hammen T 1954a. El desarrollo de la flora Colombiana en los periodos geologicos-1. Maestrichtiano hasta Terciaro mas inferior (Una investigacion Palinologica de la formacion de Guaduas y equivalentes). Boletin Geologico (Bogota) 2(1): 49-106.
Van der Hammen T 1954b. Principios para la nomenclatura palinologica sistemetica. Boletin Geologico (Bogota) 2(2): 3-24.
Van der Hammen T 1956. A palynological systematic nomenclature. Boletin Geologico (Bogota) 4: 63-101.
Varma CP & Rawat MS 1963. A note on some diporate grains recovered from Tertiary horizons of India and their potential marker value. Grana Palynologica 4(1): 130-139.
Varma YNR 1987. Palynomorphs of ecological significance from Tonakkal Tertiary clays of Kerala State. Indian Journal of Botany 10(2): 163-168.
Varma YNR & Patil RS 1985. Fungal remains from the Tertiary carbonaceous clays of Tonakkal area, Kerala. Geophytology 15(2): 151-158.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1969. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments in Kutch-2. Epiphyllous fungal remains from the borehole no. 14. Palaeobotanist 17(2): 179-183.
Venkatachala BS & Rawat MS 1972. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments in the Cauvery Basin-1. Palaeocene-Eocene palynoflora from the subsurface: 292-335. In: Ghosh AK et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the Seminar on Palaeopalynology and Indian Stratigraphy Calcutta 1971, Botany Department, Calcutta University.
Venkatachala BS & Rawat MS 1973. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments in the Cauvery Basin-2. Oligocene-Miocene palynoflora from the subsurface. Palaeobotanist 20(2): 238-263.
Venkatachala BS & Sharma KD 1984. Palynological zonation in subsurface sediments in Narsapur Well no.1, Godavari-Krishna Basin, India: 445-465. In: Badve RM et al. (Editors) - Proceedings of the 10th Colloquium on Indian Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy, Pune, 1982, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune.
Watanabe K, Nishida H & Kobayasi T 1999. Cretaceous Deuteromycetes on a cycadeoidalean bisexual cone. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160: 435-443.
Williamson WC 1878. On the organization of fossil plants of the Coal Measures. Part IX. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 169: 319-364.
Williamson WC 1880. On the organization of the fossil plants of the Coal-Measures.-Part X. Including an examination of the supposed radiolarians of the Carboniferous rocks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 171: 493-539.
Wilson LR 1962. A Permian fungus spore type from the Flowerpot Formation of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Notes 22: 91-96.
Wolf FA & Wolf FT 1949. The Fungi - Volume 1. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
