Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth extent inferred from paleosols in California

Gregory Retallack

doi:10.54991/jop.2023.1851

Authors

Gregory Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, U.S.A.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2023.1851

Keywords:

Sand wedge, Sorted stone stripe, Paleosol, Cryogenian, Death Valley

Abstract

Gelisol paleosols with sand wedges and sorted stone stripes are reported from the early Cryogenian (717–659 Ma), Surprise Diamictite Member and Sourdough Limestone Member of the Kingston Peak Formation in Redlands Canyon, western Panamint Range, California. The Surprise Diamictite was thus not entirely marine, although glaciomarine sediments and tectonically induced, mass wasting deposits, may be present in other parts of the Kingston Peak Formation. Sand wedge and stone stripe paleosols are evidence of local ice–free land with frigid continental climate at paleolatitude as low as 8 ± 4º from paleomagnetic studies of the Surprise Diamictite. The Sturt glaciation was a dramatic global cooling, but not a global snowball. Bare ground of landslides, alluvial fans, till and loess with mineral nutrients, and microtopographic shelter for complex life on land would have been important for survival of life on Earth from glacial destruction.

सारांश

कैलिफ़ोर्निया में पश्चिमी पैनामिंट श्रेणी की रेडलैंड्स घाटी में किंग्स्टन पीक शैलसमूह के प्रारंभिक क्रायोजेनियन (717-659 मिलियन वर्ष) के दौरान सरप्राइज डायमिक्टाइट सदस्य तथा सौरडोह चूनापत्थर सदस्य से प्राप्त बालू फान (सैंड वेजेज़) एवं छटी हुई प्रस्तर धारियों सहित तुषारभूति पुरनिखात (गेलिसोलपेलियोसोल्स) मिले हैं । इस प्रकार सरप्राइज़ डायमिक्टाइट पूर्णतः समुद्री नहीं थे यद्यपि किंग्सटन पीक शैलसमूह के अन्य भागों में पहले समुद्री (ग्लेशियोमारिन) अवसाद एवं विवर्तनिक (टेक्टोनिक) रूप से प्रेरित, पिंड अपशिष्ट (वेस्टिंग) निक्षेप मौजूद हो सकते हैं। सरप्राइज डायमिक्टाइट के पुराचुंबकीय अध्ययनों से पता चलता है कि बालू फान (सैंड वेज) एवं छंटी हुई प्रस्तर (स्टोन स्ट्राइप) कम से कम 8 ± 4º के पुराउन्नतांश पर शीत महाद्वीपीय जलवायु के साथ स्थानीय हिम-मुक्त भूमि के प्रमाण हैं। स्टर्ट हिमाच्छादन नाटकीय भूमंडलीय शीतलन था, परंतु भूमंडलीय हिमकुंडक नहीं था। भूस्खलन सम्बन्धी अनावृत भूमि, जलोढ़ फैलाव, खनिज पोषक तत्वों से भरपूर जुताई तथा भूमि पर जटिल जीवन के लिए सूक्ष्मस्थलाकृतिक आश्रय, हिमनद विनाश के कारण पृथ्वी पर जीवन जीने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण रहे होंगे।

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