Variation in Dynamics, Controls, and Impacts of Agulhas Leakage through Late Pleistocene: A Review

Divya Verma; Pawan Govil; Brijesh  Kumar; Hidayatullah  Khan

doi:10.54991/jop.2023.1852

Authors

Divya Verma Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
Pawan Govil Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
Brijesh Kumar Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
Hidayatullah Khan Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2023.1852

Keywords:

Agulhas current, Agulhas Leakage, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Indian Summer Monsoon, Subtropical Front, Southern Ocean

Abstract

The Indian–Atlantic water exchange that occurs south of Africa, commonly known as the Agulhas Leakage, is a significant component of global ocean circulation. Apart from supplying warm, saline water to the South Atlantic, the Agulhas Leakage plays an essential role in the global thermohaline circulation. Variations in leakage cause changes in the strength of Atlantic meridional overturning and oscillations in the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This review paper attempts to understand better the dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere’s Agulhas Leakage based on various proxies. The first aspect of this paper concentrates on planktonic foraminifera and other proxies–based reconstruction of the strength of paleo Agulhas Leakage. Secondly, the emphasis would be placed on the controls of the Agulhas Leakage, its impact and its linkage with the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). The interactions between the fluctuating westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere, the Subtropical Front (STF) and the Indian Summer Monsoon may affect the variability of Agulhas Leakage. During glacial terminations and following interglacial periods, there is a notable intensification of leakage, which subsequently enhances the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and assumes a pivotal function in the global transportation of heat. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review highlights the need for further research to better understand and predict the ramifications of Agulhas Leakage in the face of a changing climate.

सारांश

अफ्रीका के दक्षिण में होने वाले भारतीय-अटलांटिक जल विनिमय, जो मुख्यतया अगुलहास रिसाव के रूप में विख्यात है, भू-मंडलीय महासागर परिसंचरण का महत्वपूर्ण घटक है। दक्षिण अटलांटिक में कोष्ण (गर्म), लवण जल की आपूर्ति के अलावा, अगुलहास रिसाव भू-मंडलीय थर्मोहेलिन परिसंचरण में एक अहम भूमिका निभाता है। रिसाव में परिवर्तन, उत्तरी अटलांटिक गहरा जल (एनएडीडब्ल्यू) की रचना में अटलांटिक दक्षिणी परिवर्तित एवं स्पंदन की तीव्रता में बदलाव पैदा करता है। इस समीक्षा शोध पत्र से विभिन्न प्रतिपत्री के आधार पर दक्षिणी गोलार्ध के अगुलहास रिसाव की गतिशीलता को बेहतर ढंग से समझने का प्रयास करता है। इस शोधपत्र का पहला पक्ष पुरा-अगुलहास रिसाव की तीव्रता की पुनर्संरचना के लिए प्लवकीय फोरामिनिफेरा एवं अन्य प्रतिपत्रियों की भूमिका पर केंद्रित है। द्वितीय पक्ष में, अगुलहास रिसाव के नियंत्रण, इसके प्रभाव एवं भारतीय ग्रीष्मकालीन मानसून (आईएसएम) के साथ सम्बन्ध पर बल दिया गया है। दक्षिणी गोलार्ध, उपोष्णकटिबंधीय फ्रंट (एसटीएफ) एवं भारतीय ग्रीष्मकालीन मानसून में उतार-चढ़ाव वाली पछुआ हवाओं के बीच अन्योन्य- क्रिया अगुलहास रिसाव की परिवर्तनशीलता को प्रभावित कर सकती है। हिमनद समाप्ति के दौरान तथा अंतर-हिमनद युग ( इंटरग्लेशियल) के बाद, रिसाव में उल्लेखनीय तीव्रता देखने को मिलती है, जो बाद में अटलांटिक दक्षिणी परिवर्तित परिसंचरण/अटलांटिक मेरिडीओनाल ओवर टर्निंग सर्कुलेशन (एएमओसी) को बढ़ाती है और ऊष्मा के भू-मंडलीय परिवहन में एक अहम् भूमिका है। वर्तमान ज्ञान को संश्लेषित करके, यह समीक्षा बेहतर समझ हेतु भावी शोध की आवश्यकता पर प्रकाश डालती है।

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