The fossil floras of Kachchh. 1 - Mesozoic megafossils

M.N. Bose; Jayasri Banerji

doi:10.54991/jop.1984.542

Authors

M.N. Bose Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
Jayasri Banerji Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1984.542

Keywords:

Megafossils, Bryophytic remains, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Middle-Upper Jurassic, Kachchh (India)

Abstract

Mesozoic plant remains from Kachchh form the subject matter of this paper. Out of the 44 genera described, three are new. The new genera are- Trambaua, Lorumformophyllum and Kachchhia. The former two are based on detached leaves, whereas Kachchhia is a male fertile organ related to the so-called Mesozoic Pteridosperms. Besides, some of the genera which have been recorded for the first time from Kachchh are Thallites, Hepaticites, Hausmannia, Dictyophyllum, Coniopteris, Caytonia, Linguifolium, Ctenozamites, Pseudoctenis, Anomozamites, Nilssoniopteris, Dictyozamites, Bennetticarpus and Allocladus. Thus in all more than 80 species have been described.

On the basis of megafossil assemblage it has been suggested that the Mesozoic plant bearing beds in Kachchh may range in age from Middle to Upper Jurassic.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Adyalkar PG & Rao CN 1963. Some new plants from the Athgarh Stage, Upper Gondwanas, Orissa. Rec. geol. Surv. India, 92 (2): 319-322.

Agarwal SK 1956. On the so-called Macrocephalus beds of Kutch, India. Curr. Sci., 84: 84.

Agarwal SK 1957. Kutch Mesozoic: A study of the Jurassic of Kutch with special reference to the Jhura Dome. J. palaeont. Soc. India, 2: 119-130.

Appert O 1973. Die Pteridophytenaus dem oberen Jura des Manamana in Sudwest-Madagaskar. Schweiz. palaeont. Abh., 94: 1-62.

Arber EAN 1913. A preliminary note on the fossil plant of the Mount Potts beds, New Zealand, collected by Mr. D. G. Lillie, biologist to captain Scott's Antarctic Expedition in the "Terra Nova". Proc. R. Soc., 86: 344-347.

Arber EAN 1917. The earlier Mesozoic floras of New Zealand. New Zealand geol. Surv. Palaeont. Bull. No., 6: 1-80.

Archangelsky S 1963. Notassobre la flora fosil de la zona de Tice Provincia de Santa Cruz. Ameghiniana, 3 (2): 57-62.

Archangelsky S 1966. New gymnosperms from the Tico flora, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Bull. Br. Mus. (nat. Hist.) London, 13 (5): 261-295.

Ash SR 1968. A new species of Williamsonia from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of New Mexico. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 61 (384): 113-120.

Ash SR 1969. Ferns from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) in the Fort Wingate Area, New Mexico. Prof. Pap. geol. Surv., 613-D: 1-51.

Ash SR 1970. Pagiophyllum simpsonii, a new conifer from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of Arizona. J. Palaeont., 44 (5): 945-952.

Ash SR 1978. Plant megafossils, in: Ash, S. R. (ed.) - Geology, Paleontology and Paleoecology of a Late Triassic lake, western New Mexico, Brigham Young Geology Studies, 25 (2): 23-44.

Baksi SK 1968. Fossil plants from Raghavapuram mudstone, West Godavari District, A.P., India. Palaeobotanist, 16 (3): 206-215.

Banerji J 1982. Phlebopteris minutifolius sp. nov. from the Bhuj Formation of Kachchh, India. Palaeobotanist, 30 (3): 310-315.

Banerji J, Jana BN & Bose MN 1983. On a collection of fossil plants from Himmatnagar, Gujarat. A. K. Ghosh Commem. Vol.- Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigraphy: 463-473.

Barale G 1970. Contribution a l'etude de la floreJurassique de France: la Paleoflore du Gisement Kimmeridgien de Creys (Isere). Thesis.

Barale G 1981. La Paleoflore Jurassique du Jura Francais: Etude Systematique, Aspects Stratigraphiques et Paleoecologiques. Docum. Lab, Geol. Lyon, 81: 1-467.

Barale G & Contini D 1973. La paleoflore continentale du Bajocien franc-comtois, Etude Stratigraphique et paleobotanique du gisement de Pont les Moulins (Doubs). Annales Scientifiques de l'Universite de Besancon-Geologie, 19.

Barnard PDW & Miller JC 1976. Flora of the Shemshak Formation (Elburg, Iran), Part 3: Middle Jurassic (Dogger) plants from Katumbargah, Vasek Gah and Imam Manak. Palaeontographica, 155 (1-4): 31-117.

Bell S, Harrington HJ & Mckellar IC 1956. Lower Mesozoic plant fossils from Black Jacks, Waitaki River, South Canterbury. Trans. R. Soc. New Zealand, 83 (4): 663-672.

Berry EW 1919. A new Matonidium from Colorado, with remarks on the distribution of the Matoniaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 46: 285-294.

Berry EW 1920. The late Lower Cretaceous at Federal Hill, Maryland. Am. J. Sci., 50: 48-50.

Berry EW 1928. Contributions to the Mesozoic flora of the Atlantic coastal plain-15. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 55: 441-448.

Berry EW 1945. The genus Linguifolium of Arber. The Johns Hoppins University Studies in Geology, no. 14: 187-190.

Biswas SK 1977. Mesozoic rock-stratigraphy of Kutch, Gujarat. Q. Jl geol. Min. & metall. Soc. India, 49 (3 & 4): 1-51.

Biswas SK & Deshpande SV 1983. Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of Kutch, Saurashtra and Narmada Basin. Petroleum Asia Journal, pp. 111-126. KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, ONGC, Dehradun.

Bonetti Maria IR 1963. Florula Meso- Jurasica de la zona de Taquetren (Canadon del Zaino) Chubut. Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, 1 (2): 23-43.

Borkar VD & Chiplonkar GW 1973. New plant fossils from the Umia of Saurashtra. Palaeobotanist, 20 (3): 269-279.

Bose MN 1953. Bucklandia sahnii sp. nov. from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Palaeobotanist, 2: 41-50.

Bose MN 1958. The fossil flora of the Jabalpur Series-2. Filicales. Palaeobotanist, 7 (2): 90-92.

Bose MN 1959. Morrisia, a new genus of Cycado- phytic fronds from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Palaeobotanist, 7: 21-25.

Bose MN 1959. Some fragmentary plant fossils from Narsinghpur District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, 6: 49-50, Stet 1957.

Bose MN 1966. A revision of Rajmahalia. Palaeobotanist. 14 (1-3): 85-88.

Bose MN 1968. A new species of Williamsonia from the Rajmahal Hills, India. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 61 (384): 121-127.

Bose MN 1974. The genus Otozamites Braun from the Mesozoic rocks of India. Palaeontographica, 147 (4-6): 100-106.

Bose MN 1974. Bennettitales, pp. 189-200 in: K. R. Surange et al. (eds) - Aspects & Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.

Bose MN 1980. The occurrence of Sagenopteris Presl in Kutch, India. Palaeobotanist, 26 (3): 226-229.

Bose MN & Banerji J 1981. Cycadophytic leaves from Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks of India. Palaeobotanist, 28-29: 218-300.

Bose MN & Banerji J & Jana BN 1983. Mesozoic plant remains from Gardeshwar, Gujarat, pp. 483-498 in: A. K. Ghosh Commem. Volume Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigraphy.

Bose MN & Jain KP 1964. Cycadolepis Saporta from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist, 12 (3): 224-225, 1963.

Bose MN & Jana BN 1979. Dictyophyllum and Hausmannia from the Lower Cretaceous of Saurashtra, India. Palaeobotanist, 26 (2): 180-184.

Bose MN & Kasat ML 1969. The fossil flora of the Jabalpur Series: 4. Williamsonia seniana n. sp., pp. 305-309 in: Santapau, H. et al. (Ed.) - J. Sen Mem. Volume. Bot. Soc. Bengal, Calcutta.

Bose MN & Kasat ML 1972. The genus Ptilophyllum in India. Palaeobotanist, 19 (2): 115-145.

Bose MN & Kasat ML 1972. Further observations on Pachypteris indica (Oldham & Morris) Bose & Roy. Geophytology, 1 (2): 178-179

Bose MN, Kumaran KPN & Banerji J 1982. Pachypteris haburensis n. sp. and other plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation. Palaeobotanist, 30 (1): 1-11.

BOSE, M. N., KUTTY, T. S. & MAHESHWARI, H. K. (1982). Plant fossils from the Gangapur Formation. Palaeobotanist, 30 (2): 121-142.

Bos, M. N. & MAHESHWARI, H. K. (1973). Some detached seed-scales belonging to Araucariaceae from the Mesozoic rocks of India. Geophytology, 3 (2): 205-214.

Bost, M. N. & MAHESHWARI, H. K. (1974). Mesozoic conifers, pp. 212-223 in: K. R. Surange et al. (eds) - Aspects & Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany.

Bose MN & Pal PK 1982. Hepaticites pantii sp. nov. from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, pp. 31-33 in: D. D. Nautiyal (Ed.) - Studies on living and fossil plants-Phyta, Professor D. D. Pant Commem. Volume.

Bose MN & Roy SK 1964. Studies on the Upper Gondwana of Kutch-2. Isoetaceae. Palaeobotanist, 12 (3): 226-228, 1963.

Bose MN & Roy SK 1968. On the occurrence of Pachypteris in the Jabalpur Series of India. Palaeobotanist, 16 (1): 1-9..

Bose MN & Sah SCD 1968. Some pteridophytic remains from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Palaeobotanist, 16 (1): 12-28, 1967.

Bose MN & Sukh-Dev 1972. Three new species of Pagiophyllum from Bansa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Geophytology, 1 (2): 161-122.

Bose MN & Zeba-Bano 1978. The genus Dictyozamites Oldham from India. Palaeobotanist, 25: 79-99, 1976.

Bose MN & Zeba-Bano 1981. On a new species of Otozamites from Kachchh, western India. Palaeobotanist, 27 (3): 227-231.

Boureau ED, Furon R & Rosset LF 1950. Contribution a L'etude des flores JurassiquesD'asie. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, 30 (2): 207-242.

Brik M 1953. Mesozoic flora of eastern Fergansk Coal Basin. Works of Soviet Union Scientific Research Geological Institute: 1-110.

Brongniart Adoldphe 1828. Prodrome d'une histoire des Vegetaux fossiles: Dictionuaire Sci. Nat., 57: 61-212.

Brown RW 1939. Some American fossil plants belonging to the Isoetales. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 29 (6): 261-269.

Budanstev LY 1968. The late Cretaceous flora of the Vilivyan depression, 53 (1): 3-16.

Bunbury CJF 1851. On some fossil plants from the Jurassic strata of the Yorkshire Coast. Q. Jl geol. Soc. Lond., 7: 179-194.

Carpentier AM 1934. Sur une dipteridacee d'age secondaire de la province de Jehol (Chine). Annls Soc. scient. Brux., 54: 147-151.

Carpentier AM 1939. Les cuticules des Gymnospermeswealdiennes des Nord de la France. Annls Paleont., 27 (4): 155-179..

Chuan LP, Yao TC & Ching WS 1976. Mesozoic plants from Yunnan. Mesoz. Foss. Yunnan, 1: 87-160.

Crookshank H 1936. Geology of the northern slopes of the Satpura between the Morand and the Sher River. Mem. geol. Surv. India, 66 (2): 173-381.

Delevoryas T & Gould RE 1973. Investigations of North American Cycadeoids: Williamsonian cones from the Jurassic of Oaxaca, Mexico. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 15: 27-42.

Delle GV 1967. The Middle Jurassic flora of the Tkvarchelian coal-basin (Transcaucasia). Bot. Inst. & B. L. Komarov Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. Palaeobotanica, 6: 53-132.

Doludenko MP 1963. New species of Prilophyllum from the Jurassic of the western Ukraine. Bot. Zh. U.S.S.R., 48 (6): 796-805.

Doludenko MP 1966. New species of the genus Pagiophyllum from the Jurassic of South U.S.S.R. Bot. Zh. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., 51 (2): 250-253,

Doludenko MP & Orlovskaya ER 1976. Jurassic flora of the Karatau. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., 284: 3-260.

Doludenko MP & Svanidze CI 1964. Some Jurassic Prilophyllum fronds of Ukraine and Georgia and their correlation with Indian species of this genus. Int. geol. Congr. 22nd Session. Report of Soviet Geologist Problem, 9.

Doludenko MP & Svanidze Ts I 1969. The Late Jurassic flora of Georgia. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., 178: 5-116.

Douglas JG 1969. The Mesozoic floras of Victoria. Part 1 & 2. Mem. geol. Surv. Vict. 28: 3-309.

Edwards WN 1934. Jurassic plants from New Zealand. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. S. 10, 13: 81-109.

Feistmantel O 1876a. Fossil flora of Gondwana System. Jurassic (Oolitic) flora of Kach. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser. 11, 2 (1): 1-80.

Feistmantel O 1876b. Notes on the age of some fossil floras of India. Rec. geol. Surv. India, 9 (2): 28-42.

Feistmantel O 1876c. Contributions toward the knowledge of the fossil flora in India. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 45: 329-382.

Feistmantel O 1877a. Jurassic (Liassic) flora of the Rajmahal Group from Golapili (near Ellore), South Godavari District. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser., 21 (3): 163-190.

Feistmantel O 1877b. Flora of the Jabalpur Group (Upper Gondwanas) in the Son-Narbada region. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser. 11, 2 (2): 1-25.

Feistmantel O 1877c. Ueber die Gattung Williamsonia in Indien. Palaeontolog. Beitrage II, Palaeontographica Suppl., 3 (3): 25-51.

Feistmantel O 1879a. The fossil flora of the Lower Gondwanas-1. The flora of the Talchir- Karharbari beds. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont, indica, ser. 12, 3 (1): 1-48.

Feistmantel O 1879b. The fossil flora of the Upper Gondwanas. Outliers on the Madras Coast. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser. 2, 1 (4): 191-224.

Feistmantel O 1882.The fossil flora of the Gondwana System. The fossil flora of the South Rewah Gondwana Basin. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser. 12, 4 (1): 1-52.

Flint JCE & Gould RE 1975. A note on the fossil megafloras of the Nymboida and Red cliff coal Measures, Southern Clarence-Moreton Basin. N.S.W. J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W., 108: 70-74.

Florin R 1940. The Tertiary fossil conifers of South Chile and their phytogeographical significance, with a review of the fossil conifers of southern lands. K. svenskaVetenskAkad. Handl., 19 (2): 1-107.

Fontaine WM 1889. The Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora. Monogr. U.S. geol. Surv., 15: 1-373.

Frenguelli J 1941. Sagenopteris Y Linguifolium. Lias de Piedra Pintada, enel Neuquen (Patagonia) en Notas Museo La Plata, Palaeontologia 34, 6: 406-437.

Frenguelli J 1943. Resenacritica de losgenerosatribuidos a la "Serie de Thinnfeldia". Revta Mus. La Plata, II. Palaeontologia, No. 12: 225-342.

Ganesan TM & Bose MN 1982. Plant remains of Mesozoic age from Lingshi Basin, Bhutan. Geophytology, 12 (2): 279-286.

Ganju PN 1947. Ontheostrobus sessilis gen. et sp. nov., a new type of seed-bearing gymnosperm fructifications from the Jurassic of Onthea in Rajmahal hills. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 35: 119-125.

Gomolitzky NP 1969. New Jurassic plants of the Yakkabghian Mountains. Bot. J. U.S.S.R., 54: 1531-1539.

Grant CW, Captain (since Colonel) (1837). Trans. geol. Soc. London, Ser. (2), 5.

Grant CW 1840. Memoir to illustrate a geological map of Cutch. Trans. geol. Soc. 2nd Ser., 5 (2): 289-329.

Gupta KM 1943. A new species of Williamsonia (W. sahnii sp. nov.) from the Rajmahal Hills. J. Indian bot. Soc., 22 (2, 3 & 4): 191. 200.

Gupta KM 1954. Notes on some Jurassic plants from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist, 3 (1): 18-25.

Halle TG 1913. The Mesozoic flora of Graham Land. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903. 3: 1-122.

Harris TM 1932. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound East Greenland, Part 2: Description of seed plants incertaesedis together with a discussion of certain Cycadophyte cuticle. Meddr Gronland, 85 (3): 3-112.

Harris TM 1933. A new member of the Caytoniales. New phytologist. 32 (2): 97-114.

Harris TM 1935. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound East Greenland. Meddr. Gronland. 112 (1): 1-176.

Harris TM 1940. On some Jurassic specimens of Sagenopteris. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, Ser. 11, 6: 249-265.

Harris TM 1953. Notes on the Jurassic flora of Yorkshire, 58-60, 58. Bennettitalean scaleleaves; 59. Williamsonia himas sp. n. 60. Williamsonia setosa Nathorst. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, Ser. 12, 6: 33-52.

Harris TM 1961. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora 1 - Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. Br. Mus. (nat. Hist.). London, I-IX+212.

Harris TM 1964. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora II. Caytoniales, Cycadales and Pteridosperms. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. Lond., I-VIII+1-191.

Harris TM 1969. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora III - Bennettitales. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., VI+1-186, London.

Harris TM 1979. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora V - Coniferales. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., London: 1-166.

Holden R 1915. On the cuticles of some Indian conifers. Bot. Gaz., 60 (3): 215-227.

Jacob K & Jacob C 1954. Cuticular study c Indian of and Prilophyllum fronds from Cutch Jubbulpore. Mem. geol. Surv. India, 33 (1): 1-34.

Jacob K & Shukla BN 1955. Jurassic plants from the Saighan Series of northern Afghanistan and their palaeoclimatological and palaeogeographical significance. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, 33 (2): 2-64.

Jain KP 1968. Some plant remains from the Upper Gondwana of East Coast, India. Palaeobotanist, 16 (2): 151-155.

Jana BN & Bose MN 1981. Hausmannia dichotoma Dunker and Pterophyllum princeps Oldham & Morris from Than, Saurashtra. Geophytology, 11 (1): 41-44.

Juhasz M 1979. Dispersed Matoniaceae spores from the Hungarian Lower and Middle Cretaceous sediments. Acta Biol., Szeged, 25 (1-2): 33-47.

Kasat ML 1970. Some pteridophytic remains from the Mesozoic rocks of India. Palaeobotanist, 18 (2): 212-214, 1969.

Kilpper K 1964. Uber eine Rat/Lias flora aus dem nordlichen Abfall des Alburs-Gebiges in Nordiran Teil 1.: Bryophyta und Ptridophyta. Palaeontographica, B114: 1-78.

Kimura Tatsuaki 1958. On the Tetori flora (Part 1). Mesozoic plants from the Kuzurya sub-group, Tetori Group, Japan. Bull. Sen High Sch. Tokyo Univ. Educ., 2 (2): 1-47.

Kimura T 1959. Mesozoic plants from the Iwamuro Formation (Liassic), Tone-Gun, Gumma Prefecture, Japan. (On the Geological Study of the Iwamuro Formation, Ser. 11). Bull. Sen High Sch. Tokyo Univ. Educ., 111: 1-58.

Kimura T 1976. Mesozoic plants from the Yatsushiro Formation (Albian). Kumom Prefecture, Kyushu, Southwest Japan. Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Ser. C (Geol. & Paleont.), Tokyo, 2(4): 179-208.

Kimura Tatsuaki & Sekido S 1978. Addition to the Mesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation (Upper Neocomian), the Itoshiro Group, Central Honshu, inner zone of Japan. Trans. Proc. palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 109: 259-279.

Kimura Tatsuaki & Tsuji Masanori 1982. Early Jurassic plants in Japan. Part 4. Trans. Proc. palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 125: 259-276.

Knowlton FH 1916. A Lower Jurassic flora from the Upper Matanuska Valley, Alaska. Proceedings U.S. natn. Mus., 51: 451-460.

Konno Engo 1962. Some species of Neocalamites and Equisetites in Japan and Korea. Science reports of the Tohoku University. Sendai, Japan, Second Series (Geology) Special Volume, No. (5) (Konno Memorial Volume): 21-48.

Krassilov VA 1964. New gymnosperms from the Lower Cretaceous of Primorye. Paleont. zh., no. 1: 114-119.

Lesquereux L 1878. On the Cordaites and their related generic divisions in the Carboniferous formations of the United States. Proc. Am. phil. Soc., 17: 315-355.

Li PC, Tsao CY & Wu SC 1976. Mesozoic plants from Yunnan. Mesozoic Foss. Yunnan, 1:87-160.

Lindley John & Hutton William 1834. The fossil flora of Great Britain, or figures and descriptions of the Vegetable remains found in a fossil state in this Country, 2: 57-156.

Lundblad B 1950. Studies in the Rhaeto-Lissaic floras of Sweden. I. Pteridophyta, pteridospermae and Cycadophyta from the mining district of N.W. Scania. K. svenskaVetenska-Akad. Handl., 1 (8): 5-82.

Lundblad B 1954. Contributions to the Geological History of the Hepaticae. Fossil Marchantiales from the Rhaeto-Liassic coal mines of Skromberga (Prov. of Scania), Sweden. Svensk. bot. Tidskr., 48 (2): 381-417.

Maheshwari HK & Kumaran KPN 1976. Some new conifer remains from the Jabalpur Group. Palaeobotanist, 23 (1): 30-39, 1974.

Marcinkewiez T 1973. Otozamites falsus (Bennettitales) from the Upper Liassic of the Holy Cross Mts, Poland. Acta Palacont. pol., 18 (2): 173-177.

Mathur YK 1972. Plant fossils from the Kuar Bet, Pachham Island, Kutch. Curr. Sci., 41 (13): 488-489.

Menendez CA 1951. La flora Mesozoica de la formacion Llantenes. Revta Inst. nac. Invest. Cienc. nat. Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardiro Rivadavia, 2 (3): 147-261.

Menendez CA 1966. Fossil Bennettitales from the Tico Flora, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Bull. Br. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Geol., 12 (1): 1-42.

Milde J 1865. Reprasentieren die Equiseten der gegenwartigen Schopfungsperiode eine oder zwei Genera. Bot. zig., 23: 297-299.

Mitra KK & Ghosh DN 1964. A note on the Chari Series around Jhura Deme, W. Kutch. Sci. & Cult., 30 (4): 192-194.

Moller Hjalmar 1902. Bidrag till Bornholms fossila flora pteridofyter. Acta Univ. lund. Arsskr., 38 (2): 1-63.

Moller HJ & Halle TG 1913. The fossil flora of the coal-bearing deposits of South- Eastern Scania. Ark. Bot., 13 (7): 1-45.

Morris J 1841. Remarks upon recent and fossil Cycadeac. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 7: 116-117.

Oishi S 1940. The Mesozoic floras of Japan. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Series 4, 5 (2-4): 125-455.

Oishi S 1941. Notes on some Mesozoic plants from Lo-tzu-kou, Province Chientao, Manchoukno. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. Ser. IV, 6 (2): 167-176.

Oishi S & Takahasi E 1938. Notes on some fossil plants from the Moulin and the Mishan coal-fields, Prov. Pinchiang Manchoukuo, J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 4 (1-2): 57-62.

Oishi S & Yamasita K 1936. On the fossil Dipteridaceae. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 3 (4): 135-184.

Oldham T & Morris J 1863. Fossil flora of the Rajmahal Series in the Rajmahal Hills. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, Ser. 2, 1 (1): 1-52.

Pal PK 1984. Triassic plant megafossils from the Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India. Palaeobotanist, 32 (3): 253-309.

Pal PK 1984. Morphotaxonomy of lycopsid shoot from the Rajmahal Hills, India. Palaeobotanist, 32 (3): 321-325.

Pant DD, Srivastava GK & Pant R 1983. On the cuticular structure of leaves of Desmiophyllum type from Bansa beds, India and their assignment to genus Harrisiophyllum nov. Palaeontographica, 185: 38-55.

Pascoe EH 1959. A manual of the geology of India and Burma, 2 (2nd Ed.). Govt. of India Press, Calcutta.

Patra BP 1980. Some ferns from the East Coast Gondwana of Orissa with a note on its age. Proc. 3rd Indian Geol. Congr., Poona: 57- 68.

Person C & Delevoryas T 1982. The Middle Jurassic flora of Oaxaca, Mexico. Palaeontographica, 180 (4-6): 82-119.

Raj Nath 1932. A contribution to the stratigraphy of Cutch. Q. Jl geol. Min. metall. Soc. India, 4 (4): 161-174.

Raj Nath 1942. Jurassic rocks of Cutch - their bearing on some problem of Indian Geology. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr., 29 (2): 93-106.

Raj Nath 1952. On the upper limits of the Gondwana System. Palaeobotanist, 1: 382- 385.

Ramanujam CGK 1957. Cone scales of Araucarites cutchensis from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Curr. Sci., 26: 87-88.

Retallack GJ 1977. Reconstructing Triassic vegetation of eastern Australasia: a new approach for the bio-stratigraphy of Gondwanaland. Alcheringa, 1: 247-277.

Retallack GJ 1981. Middle Triassic megafossil plants from Long Gully, near Otematata, North Otago, New Zealand. J. R. Soc. New Zealand, 11 (3): 167-200.

Reymanowna Maria 1963-1. Review of investigations on Polish Jurassic Floras. 2. The Jurassic flora from Grojec near Cracow in Poland. Acta palaeobot., 4 (2): 3-48.

Reymanowna M 1973. The Jurassic flora from Grojec near Kraków in Poland. Part II. Caytoniales and anatomy of Caytonia. Acta palaeobot. 14 (2): 46-87.

Richter PB 1906. Beitragezur flora der Unteren Kreide Quedlinburgs. Teil. 1. Die Gattung Hausmannia Dunker und einige settenere Pflanzeureste, Leipzig: 1-27.

Roth S, Kurtz F & Burckhardt C 1901. Lias de la Piedra Pintada. Rev. del Museo de la Plata, 10: 3-25.

Roy SK 1963. Studies on the Mesozoic flora of Kutch and Kathiawar-2. Otozamites bellus sp. nov. Proc. 50th Indian Sci. Congr., 3 (Abst.): 397.

Roy SK 1965. Studies on the Upper Gondwana of Kutch-3. Otozamites imbricatus Feistmantel. Palaeobotanist, 13 (2): 215-217, 1964.

Roy SK 1966. Fossil flora from the Upper Gondwana of Kutch and Kathiawar. Palaeobotanist, 14: 116-117.

Roy SK 1967. Prilophyllum horridum sp. nov. from Trambau, Kutch. Curr. Sci., 36 (21): 581-582.

Roy SK 1968. Pteridophytic remains from Kutch and Kathiawar, India. Palaeobotanist, 16 (2): 108-114, 1967.

Sah SCD 1958. Prilophyllum sakrigaliensis n. sp. from Sakrigalighat, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Proc. 45th Indian Sci. Congr., Madras, 3 (Abst.): 337,

Sahni B 1928. Revisions of Indian fossils plants: Pt. 1. Coniferales (a. Impressions and Incrustations). Mem, geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, n.s., 11: 1-49.

Sahni B 1932. A petrified Williamsonia (W. sewardiana sp. nov.) from the Rajmahal Hills, India. Mem. geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica, 20 (3): 1-20.

Sahni B & Rao AR 1933. On some Jurassic plants from the Rajmahal Hills. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng, n. ser., 27 (2): 183-208.

Sahni B & Rao AR 1934.Rajmahalia paradoxa gen. et sp. nov. and other Jurassic plants from the Rajmahal Hills. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1 (6): 258-269.

Sahni B & Sitholey RV 1943. Salt Range - (c) Otozamites pecten sp. nov.: in Palacobotany in India-IV. J. Indian bot. Soc., 22 (2-4): 171-182.

Sahni B & Sitholey RV 1945. Some Mesozoic ferns from the Salt Range, Punjab. Proc. natn Acad. Sci. India, 15 (3): 61-73.

Samylina VA 1961. New data on the Lower Cretaceous flora of the southern part of the Maritine Territory of the R.S.F.S.R. Bot. Zh., Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., 46 (5): 634-645.

Saporta G. De 1873-1875. Paleontologie francaise on description des fossiles de la France (2, Vegetaux), Plantes Jurassiques, 1, II. 1, 1-506.

Schenk A 1864. Beitrage zur Flora der Vorwelt. Palaeontographica, 11: 296-308.

Schimper WP 1870-1872. Traite de PaleontologieVegetale, 2. Paris.

Sen U & Sen T 1973. Morphology and anatomy of Equisetum diffusum D. Don and E. ramosissimum Desf. subsp. debile (Roxb.) Hauke with a discussion on their taxonomy. Israel J. Bot., 22: 166-174.

Seward AC 1894. The Wealden Flora. Part 1. –Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (nat. Hist.): 1-179, London.

Seward AC 1895. The Wealden Flora. Part II Gymnospermae. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (nat. Hist.) 2. XII+259, London.

Seward AC 1904. On a collection of Jurassic plants from Victoria. Rec. geol. Surv. Vict., 1 (3): 155-210.

Seward AC 1908. On a collection of fossil plants from South Africa. Q. Jl geol. Soc., 64: 83-108.

Seward AC 1911. The Jurassic flora of Sutherland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 47 (4): 643-709.

Seward AC 1917. Fossil Plants, 3. i-XVIII +1-656. Cambridge.

Seward AC 1919. Fossil Plants. 4. Univ. Press, Cambridge.

Seward AC & Sahni B 1920. Indian Gondwana Plants. A revision. Mem. geol. Surv India Palaeont. indica, n.s., 7 (1): 1-41.

Sharma BD 1968. Investigations on the Jurassic flora of Rajmahal Hills, India. Acta bot. hung. 14 (3-4): 373-383.

Singh G 1956. Araucarites nipaniensis sp. nov. A female Araucarian cone scale from the Rajmahal Series. Palaeobotanist, 5 (2): 64-65.

Sitholey RV 1963. Gymnosperms of India-l Fossil forms. Bull. natn. Bot. Gdn Lucknow, 86: 1-68.

Sitholey RV & Bose MN 1971. Weltrichia santalensis (Sitholey& Bose) and other Bennettitalean male fructifications from India. Palaeontographica, 131 B (5-6): 151-159.

Srivastava Shyam C 1974. Mesozoic Pteridosperms, pp. 179-188 in: K. R. Surange et al. (eds) - Aspects & Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.

Sukh-Dev 1970. Some ferns from the Lower Cretaceous of Madhya Pradesh. Palaeobotanist. 18 (2): 197-207, 1969.

Sukh-Dev 1974. Mesozoic Pteridophytes, pp. 73-76 in: Surange et al. (eds)- Aspects & Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.

Sukh-Dev & Bose MN 1974. On some conifer remains from Bansa, South Rewa Gondwana Basin. Palaeobotanist, 21 (1): 59-69, 1972.

Sukh-Dev & Zera-Bano 1977. Three species of Prilophyllum from Bansa, Madhya Pradesh. Palaeobotanist, 24 (3): 161-169.

Sukh-Dev & Zera-Bano 1979. Observations on the genus Allocladus, and its representatives in the Jabalpur Formation. Palaeontographica, 169 (4-6): 116-121.

Sukh-Dev & Zera-Bano 1981. Some fossil gymnosperms from the Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, 27 (1): 1-11.

Sukh-Dev & Zera-Bano 1981. Occurrence of the genus Ctenozamites in the Jabalpur Formation. Palaeobotanist, 28-29: 324-328.

Surange KR 1964. Indian Fossil Pteridophytes. C.S.I.R. Monogr., 4. New Delhi.

Sykes Lieutenant-Colonel 1834. Notice respecting some fossils collected in Kutch by Captain Walter Smee. Trans. geol. Soc., London, 5.

Sze HC 1933. Beitragezur Mesozcischen Flora von China. Palaeont. sin., 4 (1): 5-68.

Sweitzer Hans-Joachin 1977. Die Rato-Jurassischen floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 4. Die Ratische Zwitter-blute Irania hermaphroditica nov. spec. und Ihre bedeutung für die phylo genie der Angiospermen. Palaeontographica, 161 (1-4): 98. 145.

Tanai Toshimasa 1979. Late Cretaceous floras from the Fuji District, Northeastern Honshu, Japan. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, 19 (1-2): 75-136.

Tate R 1867. On some secondary fossils from South Africa. Q. Jl Geol. Soc. Lond., 23: 139- 173.

Teixeira C 1948. Flora Mesozóica Portuguesa, Serv. Geol. Portugal, Lisboa, 1: 1-74.

Teixeira C 1952. Notes sur guel-guesgisements de vegetauxfossiles du Cretace des environs de Leiria. Rev. Fac. Cien. Lisboa, 2 (2): 133- 154.

Teslenko UV 1970. Stratigraphy and flora of Jurassic deposits of southern and western Siberia and Tuba.

Thomas HH 1930. Further observations on the cuticle structure of Mesozoic Cycadean fronds. J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 48: 389-415.

Townrow John A 1957. On Dicroidium, probably a pteridospermous leaf and other leaves now removed from this genus. Trans. geol. Soc. S. Afr., 60: 21-56.

Townrow John A 1965. A new member of the Corystospermaceae Thomas. Ann. Bot., N.S., 29: 115.

Townrow JA 1967. The Brachyphyllum crassum complex of fossil conifers. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm., 101: 144-172.

Tralau Hans 1965. Phlebopteris angustiloba (Presl) Hirmer et Horhammer (Matoniaceae) from "Olstorp" Shaft, Bjuv., Scania. Bot. Notiser, 118 (4): 373-376.

Turutanova-Ketova A 1 1963. Williamsoniaceae of the USSR, A. L. Takhtajan (ed.). Palaeobotanica, 4: 7-53.

Vachrameev VA & Doludenko MP 1961. Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous floras of the Burenska Basin. Trudy geol. Inst., Leningr., 54: 1-136.

Vachrameev VA & Samylina VA 1958. The first discovery of a representative of the genus Pachypteris in the U.S.S.R. Bot. zh., Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., Moscow, 43: 1611-1612.

Walkom AB 1917. The flora of the Ipswich and Walloon Series. Qd geol. Surv., Publ. 259: 7-31.

Walkom AB 1918. Mesozoic floras of Queens- land. Part II. The flora of the Maryborough (Marine) Series. Qd geol. Surv., Publ. No., 262: 1-14.

Walkom AB 1921. On the occurrence of Otozamites in Australia, with descriptions of specimens from western Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 44 (1): 147-153.

Walkom AB 1925. Notes on some Tasmanian Mesozoic plants. Proc. Pap. R. Soc., Tasmania: 73-89, 1924.

Walkom AB 1941-42. Fossil plants from Gingin, western Australia. J. R. Soc. West. Aust., 28: 201-206.

Walton J 1925. Carboniferous Bryophyta-1. Hepaticae. Ann. Bot. Lond., 39 (153): 563-572.

Webber PJ 1961. Phlebopteris branneri from the western Desert of Egypt. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 13, 4: 7-10.

Weber Reinhard 1980. Nuev as contribuciones al conocimients de la Tafoflora de la Formacion Santa Clara (Triasico Tardio) de Sonora. Univ. Nal. Auton. Mexico Inst. Geologia Revta 4 (2): 125-137.

Wesley A 1956. Contributions to the knowledge of the flora of the Grey Limestones of Veneto- Part 1. Mem. Inst. Geol. Minera. Univers. Podova, 19:1-68.

Wesley A 1974. On the Bennettitalean remains from the Lias of northern Italy. Symposium on Morphological and Stratigraphical Palceobotany, B.S.I.P. Special Publ. No. 2: 66-72.

Wynne AB 1869. Preliminary notes on Geology of Kutch. Rec. geol. Surv. India, 2 (3).

Wynne AB 1872. Geology of Kutch. Mem. geol. Surv. India, 9 (1): 1-293.

Yabe H & Oishi S 1933. Mesozoic plants from Manchuria. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Univ. (2 Geol.), 12: 195-238.

Zeba-Band 1979. Some pteridophytes from the Jabalpur Formation. Palaeobotanist, 26 (3): 237-245.

Zeba-Bano & Bose MN 1981. Matonidium cingulatum n. sp. from Kutch, India. Palaeobotanist, 27 (1): 95-99.

Zigno A De 1856-1885. Flora fossils FormationisOolithicae. Le PianteFossili dell'Oolite - 2 Vols. Padova.