Oligocene flora from Makum Coalfield, Assam, India

N. Awasthi; R.C. Mehrotra

doi:10.54991/jop.1995.1207

Authors

N. Awasthi Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
R.C. Mehrotra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1995.1207

Keywords:

Megafossils, Angiosperms, Fossil leaves and fruits, Oligocene, Makum Coalfield, Assam

Abstract

The coal bearing Oligocene sediments exposed in the Makum Coalfield, Assam contain rich assemblage of mega-plant remains. Out of a large number of leaves and fruits collected from the associated sediments at Baragolai. Ledo-Tirap and Tipongpani collieries of the Makum Coalfield, 24 species of dicotyledonous taxa have been identified. Of these, 22 are represented by leaves belonging to the genera Saccopetalum (Anonaceae); Calophyllum, Garcinia, Kayea (Clusiaceae); Pterygota (Sterculiaceae); Santiria (Burseraceae); Heynea (Meliaceae); Nephelium (Sapindaceae); Lannea, Mangifera, Parishia (Anacardiaceae); Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae); Terminalia (Combretaceae); Memecylon (Memecylaceae); Avicennia (Avicenniaceae); Alstonia (Apocynaceae); Myristica (Myristicaceae), Apollonias (Lauraceae) and Bridelia (Euphorbiaceae). The remaining two taxa are based on fruit/seed comparable to those of Dalbergia and Entadu of Fabaceae.

The distribution pattern of comparable modern taxa of fossils and keeping in view the great amount and variety of plants preserved in the sediments, it is inferred that thick tropical evergreen to moist deciduous forest existed in this part of northeast India during Oligocene. Occurrence of Avicennia, Rhizophora and Terminalia catappa suggests deltaic, mangrove or agoonal deposition of coalseams and associated sediments in the Makum Coalfield.

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