Further occurrence of fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Uttar Pradesh, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1981.1424Keywords:
Xylotomy, Fossil woods, Siwalik beds, Miocene (India)Abstract
Five taxa of fossil woods are described in detail from the Lower Siwalik beds of Kalagarh in Bijnor District. These are Dipterocarpoxylon surangei sp. nov., Dracontomelumoxylon mangiferumoides Ghosh & Roy, Hopeoxylon eosiamensis sp. nov., Terminalioxylon palaeomanii sp. nov., and Ebenoxylon siwalicus sp. nov. resembling the extant genera Dipterocarpus, Dracontomelum, Sindora, Terminalia and Diospyros respectively. All these taxa indicate a more humid climate in the Himalayan foot-hills during the Lower Siwalik period.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Anonymous 1963. Indian Woods. 2. Dehradun.
Awasthi N 1970. Fossil wood of Ebenaceae from the Tertiary of South India. The Palaeobotanist 18(2): 192-196. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1969.834
Awasthi N 1974. Occurrence of some dipterocarpaceous woods in the Cuddalore Series of South India. The Palaeobotanist 21 (3): 339-351. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1972.1496
Awasthi N 1977. Revision of Hopeoxylon indicum Navale and Shoreoxylon speciosum Navale from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry. The Palaeobotanist 24 (2): 102-107. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1975.975
Boureau E & Louvet P 1975. Sur Deux especes Ligneuses Tertiari s nouvelles de la region de Ouaou en Namous (Libye). 95e Congres natn. des Soc. Savantes, Reims, 1970, 3: 11-42.
Brazier JD & Franklin GL 1961. Identification of hard woods: A microscope key. Bull. Forest Prod. Res., 46: 1-96.
Chiarugi A 1933. VI. Fossi'i del Pliocene e del Pleistocene. 4. Legni fossili della Somalia Italiana. Palaeontographica Ital., 32 (1): 97- 167.
Chowdhury KA 1932. The identification of important Indian sleeper woods. For. Bull. Dehradun, 77: 1-18.
Chowdhury KA 1939. The formation of growth rings in Indian trees. Part I. Indian For. Rec., 2 (1): 1-39.
Chowdhury KA 1945. The identifications of Burma commercial timbers. Indian For. Rec., 3 (6): 1-27.
Chowdhury KA & Ghosh SS 1958. Indian Woods. 1. Dehradun.
Den Berger LG 1927. Unterscheidungs merkamale von rezenten und fossilen Dipterocarpaceen gattungen. Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenzorkg, 3 (8): 495-498.
Desch HE 1957. Manual of Malayan timbers. 1. Malayan Forest Rec., 15: 1-328.
Eyde RH 1963. A Shoreoxylon and two other Tertiary woods from the Garo Hills, Assam. The Palaeobotanist 11 (1-2): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.630
Felix J 1882. Studien uber fossile holzer. Inaug. Diss. Leipzig: 1-81.
Gamble JS 1902. A Manual of Indian Timbers. London.
Ghosh SS 1956. On a fossil wood belonging to the genus Dipterocarpus. Sci. Cult., 21: 691-692.
Ghosh SS & Ghosh AK 1959. Dipterocarpoxylon malavii sp. nov., a new fossil record from the Pliocene of Kutch. Sci. Cult., 25: 328- 3.2.
Ghosh SS & Kazmi MH 1958. Ebenoxylon indicum sp. nov., a new fossil record from the Trap Frontier Division, NEFA, Assam. Sci. Cult., 24: 187-188.
Ghosh PK & Roy SK 1979. Fossil woods Dracontomelum from the Tertiary of West engal. Curr. Sci., 48 (8): 362.
Henderson FY 1953. An atlas of end grain photomicrographs for the identification of hard Woods. Forest Prod. Res. Bull., 26.
Kaehira R 1924a. Identification of Philippine Voods by Anatomical Characters. Taihoku, Formosa: 1-73.
Kamehira R 1924b. Anatomical notes on Indian woods. For. Bull. Govt. Res. Inst. Taihoku, Formosa, 4.
Kramer K 1974a. Die Tertiaren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter ausschluss der Dipterocarpaceae). Part 1. Palaeontographica, 144B (3-6): 45-181.
Kramer K 1974b. Die Tertiaren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter ausschlss der Dipterocarpaceae). Part 2. Palaeontographica, 145B (1-4): 1-50.
Kras DA 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods of the American Market. Pennsylvania.
Lalitha C & Prakash U 1980. Fossil wood of Sindora from the Tertiary of Assam with a critical analysis of the anatomically allied forms. Geophytology, 10 (2): 174-187.
Lecomte H 1926. Les bois de L'Indochine. Paris.
Lemoigne Y, Beauchamp J & Samuel E 1974. Etude paleobotanique des depots volcaniques d'age Tertiaire des Bordures est et ouest du systéme des Rifts Ethiopiens. Geobiosci., 7 (3): 267-288.
Madel-Angeliewa E & Muller-Stoll WR 1973. Kritische studien uber fossile combretaceen-Holzer: Uber Holzer vom typus Terminalioxylon Schonfeld mit einer revision der bischer zu Evodioxylon Chairugi gestellten arten. Palaeontographica, 142 (4-6): 117-136.
Metcalfe CR & Chalk L 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. 1 & 2. Oxford.
Moll JW & Janssonius HH 1914. Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten, 3. Leiden.
Muller-Stoll WR & Madel E 1967. Die fossilen Leguminosen-Hölzer. Palaeontographica, 119B (4-6): 95-174.
Normand DD 1960. Atlas des bois de la côte d'Ivoire. 3. Nogent-sur Marne (Seine), France.
Pearson RS & Brown HP 1932. Commercial Timbers of India. 1 & 2. Calcutta.
Prakash U 1965. Dipterocarpoxylon tertiarum sp. nov., a new fossil wood from the Tertiary of Burma. Curr. Sci., 34 (8): 254-255.
Prakash U 1966. Some fossil dicotyledonous woods from the Tertiary of eastern India. The Palaeobotanist 14 (1-3): 223-235. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1965.735
Prakash U 1973. Fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma. The Palaeobotanist 20 (1): 48-70. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1971.887
Prakash U 1975. Fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Palaeobotanist 22 (3): 192-210. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1973.941
Prakash U 1978. Fossil woods from the Lower Siwaliks beds of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Palaeobotanist 25: 376-392. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1976.1025
Prakash U 1979a. Fossil wood of Dracontomelum from the Lower Siwalık beds of Himachal Pradesh, India. Geophytology, 8 (2): 248- 249.
Prakash U 1979b. Some more fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Himachal Pradesh, India. Proc. Himalayan Geol., 8: 61-81.
Prakash U 1979c. Fossil dicotyledonous woods from the Tertiary of Thailand. The Palaeobotanist 26 (1): 50-62. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1977.1048
Prakash U & Tripathi PP 1970. Fossil woods from the Tipam sandstones near Hailakandi, Assam. The Palaeobotanist 18 (2): 183- 191. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1969.833
Ramesh Rao K & Purkayastha SK 1972. Indian woods. 3. Dehradun.
Rawat MS 1964. A new species of Dipterocarpoxylon from Siwalik Formation of Uttar Pradesh. Sci. Cult., 30: 337-338.
Reyes LJ 1938. Philippine woods. Tech. Bull. Dept. Agr. Phill., 7.
Schonfeld G 1947. Holzer aus dem Tertiary von Kolumbier. Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges., 475: 1-53.
Serra C 1966. Nouvelle contribution a l'etude paleoxylologique du Viet-Nam. Archs. geol. Vietnam, 9: 32-40.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1978a. Cynometroxylon siwalicus n. sp. from the Siwalik Range. Curr. Sci., 47 (17): 638-639.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1978b. Sterculioxylon kalagarhense sp. nov. from Kalagarh (Bijnor District), U.P., India. Curr. Sci., 47 (1): 24-25.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1978c. Ghutoxylon kalagarhense sp. nov. from Kalagarh. Curr. Sci., 47 (4): 135.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1979a. Parinarioxylon splendidum sp. nov. from Kalagarh. Curr. Sci., 48 (3): 75-76.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1979b. Pentacmeoxylon ornatum gen. et sp. nov. from the Siwaliks of Kalagarh. Curr. Sci., 48 (14): 646-647.
Trivedi BS & Ahuja M 1979c.Vaterioxylon sivalicus sp. nov. from Kalagarh, U.P. Symp. Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigr., Calcutta: 8-9.
Trivedi BS & Misra JP 1977. A new fossil wood from the Mio-Pliocene of Kalagarh, Bijnor District, U.P., India. Proc. 64th Indian Sci. Congr., Bhubaneshwar, 3: 95.
Trivedi BS & Misra JP 1978. Dialiumoxylon kalagarhense n. sp. from Mio-Pliocene of Kalagarh, U.P., India. Indian J. Bot., 1 & 2: 57-60.
Trivedi BS & Misra JP 1979. Dysoxydendron kalagarhense gen. et sp. nov. from Mio-Pliocene of Kalagarh, U.P., India. J. Indian bot. Soc., 58: 90-94.
Willis JC 1973. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.