Floristic and ecological reconsiderations of the Pleistocene plant impressions from Kashmir

Authors

  • Vishnu-Mittre Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.705

Abstract

The Pleistocene plant impressions from the Lower Karewas in Kashmir described by Middlemiss, Stewart and Puri are considered from the floristic and ecological viewpoints, in relation to stratigraphy and in the background of the events of the Pleistocene climatic and diastrophic changes. This attempt seeks to straighten out the facts and remove the confusion created by a similar consideration of this fossil flora by the earlier workers.

From the stratigraphical considerations it is discovered that this flora came off from an upper part of the Lower Karewas (Lithozone 4) and is in no way representative of the vegetation of the entire Lower Karewas. Furthermore, the fossil flora is suggestive of temperate climate rather than tropical or subtropical as deduced by earlier workers.

Comments are also made towards the application of this flora in determining the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in the Lower Karewas.

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References

DE TERRA, H. & PATERSON, T. T. (1939). Studies on the Ice Age in India and Associated human cultures. Carneige Inst. Washington.

MIDDLEMISS, C. S. (1910). Sections in the Pir Panjal range and Sind Valley, Kashmir. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 41: 120-123.

PILGRIM, G. E. (1944). Lower limit of the Pleistocene in Europe and India. Geol. Mag. 81: 28-38.

PURI, G. S. (1945). Some fossil leaves of the Salicaceae from Ningle Nullah and Laredura, Pir Panjal, with a note on the significance of temperate species in the Pleistocene flora of Kashmir. Proc. Indian Acad. Scis. 22: 87-112.

Idem (1946). Fossil plants and the Himalayan uplift. M.O.P. Iyengar. Commemoration Volume. Jour. Indian Bot.Soc.: 167-186.

Idem (1948). The flora of the Karewa Series of Kashmir and its phytogeographical affinities with chapters on the methods of identification. Indian Forest 74 (3): 105-122.

Idem (1948). A preliminary note on the Pleistocene flora of the Karewa formations of Kashmir. Quat. Jour. Geol. Min. & Metal Soc. India. 20 (2): 61-66.

Idem (1957). Preliminary observations on the phytogeographical changes in the Kashmir Valley during the Pleistocene. The Palaeobot. 6: 16-18.

Idem (1958). Indian Forest Ecology. New Delhi and Calcutta.

VISHNU-MITTRE, SINGH GURDIP & SAXENA, K. M. S. (1962). Pollen-analytical investigations of the Lower Karewa. The Palaeobot. 11 (1-2): 92-95.

WADIA, D. N. (1951). The transitional passage of Pliocene into the Pleistocene in the North Western India. Rep. VIIIth Session Internat. Geol. Congr. U. K. Pt. XI: 43-48.

WODEHOUS, R. P. & DE TERRA, H. (1935). Pleistocene Pollen of Kashmir. Mem. Conn. Arts. Scs. 9 (1): 1-18.

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Published

1964-12-31

How to Cite

Vishnu-Mittre. (1964). Floristic and ecological reconsiderations of the Pleistocene plant impressions from Kashmir. Journal of Palaeosciences, 13((1-3), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.705

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Research Articles

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