Palynological interpretations of Palaeoenvironments with reference to India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1970.857Abstract
The recent growth and development of Palynology have clearly demonstrated that palynological fossils can be successfully used in determining palaeoenvironments. The present day distribution of plants shows that certain environments are characterized by particular plant communities’ peculiar to them. This is also broadly reflected in the general correspondance between the vegetational units and the climatic zones of the world. The environmental conditions under which the fossil plants lived are interpreted from the habitats under which their modern equivalents live.
Some of the palaeoenvironments indicated by palynological fossils are - (1) basin of deposition; (2) sea-land level changes; (3) ancient shore lines; (4) distance from land; (5) source or direction of plants; (6) climatic changes and seasonal variations; (7) orogeny; (8) migration of plants; (9) minor changes in topography, stream patterns; (10) biotic factors etc. Palynological evidences indicating palaeoenvironments during Quaternary, Tertiary, Mesozoic and Palaeozoic Eras of India have been brought forth.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Banerjee D 1968. Siwalik microflora from Punjab (India). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 6: 171-176.
Bharadwaj DC 1962. The miospore genera in the coals of Raniganj Stage (Upper Permian), India. Palaeobotanist 9(1 & 2): 68-106, 1960. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1960.600
Bharadwaj DC & Salujha SK 1964. Sporological study of seam VIII in Ranganj Coalfield, Bihar, India. Pt. 1. Description of the Sporae dispersae. Palaeobotanist 12(1): 181-215, 1963. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.653
Bharadwaj DC & Salujha SK 1965a. A sporological study of seam VII (Jote Dhemo Colliery, in the Raniganj Coalfield, Bihar (India). Palaeobotanist 13(1): 30-41, 1964. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.676
Bharadwaj DC & Salujha SK 1965b. Sporological study of seam VIII in Raniganj Coalfield, Bihar (India). Pt. II – Distribution of Sporae dispersae and correlation. Palaeobotanist 13(1): 57-73, 1964. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.679
Bharadwaj DC & Srivastava, Shyam C 1969. Triassic mioflora from India. Palaeontographica. 125(B): 119-149.
Bharadwaj DC & Tiwari RS 1964. On two monosaccate genera from Barakar Stage of India. Palaeobotanist 12(2): 139-146. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.649
Bharadwaj DC, Sah SCD & Tiwari RS 1965. Sporological analysis of some coal and carbonaceous shales from Barren Measure stage (Lower Gondwana) of India. Palaeobotanist 13(2): 222-226, 1964. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.698
Chaloner WG 1968. The paleoecology of fossil spores (In Evolution and Environment, edited by E. T. Drake) New Haven and London. 125-138.
Champion HG 1936. A preliminary survey of the forest types of India & Burma. Indian Forest Rec. (New Series). 1(1): 1-286.
Chanda S & Mukherjee BB 1969. Radiocarbon dating of two microfossiliferous Quaternary deposit in and around Calcutta. Sci. Cult. 35(6): 275-276.
De Terra H & Paterson TT 1939. Studies on the Ice Age in India and associated human cultures. Publ. Carnegie Inst. 493: 1-354.
Elsik WC 1966a. Degradation of arci in a fossil Alnus pollen grain. Nature. Lond. 209(5025): 825.
Elsik WC 1966b. Biologic degradation of fossil pollen grain and spores. Micropalaeontology. 12(4): 515-518.
Goldstein S 1960. Degradation of fossil by Phycomycetes. Ecology. 41(3): 543-545.
Hoffmeister WS 1960. Palynology has an important role in oil exploration. World Oil, April, 1960: 1-4.
Hutton J 1795. Theory of the earth. Edinburgh.
Kar RK 1966. Palynology of the Barren Measures Sequence from Jharia Coalfield, Bihar, India-1. Summary and Discussion. Symp. Flor. Strat. Gondwanaland. Sahni Inst. Palaeobot. Lucknow. 121-127, 1964.
Kar RK 1968a. Palynology of the Barren Measures Sequence from Jharia Coalfield, Bihar, India-2. General Palynology. Palaeobotanist 16(2): 115-140, 1967. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1967.510
Kar RK 1968b. Palynology of the North Karanpura basin, Bihar, India-3. Raniganj exposure near Lungatoo, Hazaribagh district. Palaeobotanist 16(3): 273-282, 1967. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1967.528
Kar RK 1969a. Palynology of the North Karanpura basin, Bihar, India-4. Sub-surface palynology of the bore-hole no. K5. Palaeobotanist 17(1): 9-21, 1968. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1968.534
Kar RK 1969b. Palynology of the North Karanpura basin, Bihar, India-5. Palynological assemblage of the bore-core no. K2, Raniganj Stage (Upper Permian) Palaeobotanist 17(2): 101-120, 1968. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1968.785
Kar RK 1970. Sporae dispersae from Panchet (Lower Triassic) in the bore-core No. RE 9, Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal. Palaeobotanist 18(1): 50-62, 1969. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1969.818
Lele KM & Chandra A 1969. Palynological reconnaissance of the marine beds at Umaria and Manendargarh, M.P. (India). Sci. Cult. 35(2): 65-67.
Maithy PK 1969. On the occurrence of microremains from the Vindhyan formations of India. Palaeobotanist 17(1): 48-51, 1968. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1968.777
Mathur K 1964. On the occurrence of Botryococcus in Subathu beds of Himachal Pradesh India. Sci. Cult. 30: 607-608.
Mathur YK 1963. Studies in the fossil microflora of Kutch, India-1. On the microflora and the hystrichosphaerids in the gypseous shale (Eocene) of Western Kutch, India. Proc. natn. Inst. Sci. India. 29B (3): 356-371.
Mathur YK 1966. On the microflora in the Supra Trappeans of Western Kutch, India. J. geol. Min. metal. Soc. India. 38(1): 33-51.
Potonie R & Lele KM 1961. Studies in the Talchirs flora of India-1. Sporae dispersae from the Talchir beds of South Rewa Gondwana basin. Palaeobotanist 8(1): 22-37, 1959. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1959.585
Puri GS 1947. The genus Quercus in the Karewa deposits of Kashmir with remarks on the oak forest of Kashmir valley during the Pleistocene. Proc. Indian bot. Soc. Iyenger Commem. Vol. : 167-184, 1946.
Ramanujam CGK 1966. Palynology of the Miocene lignite from South Arcot district, Madras, India. Pollen Spores. 8(1): 149-203.
Ramanujam CGK 1967. Pteridophytic spores from the Miocene lignite of South Arcot District, Madras. Palynol. Bull. 243: 29-40.
Sah SCD & Dutta SK 1966. Palynostratigraphy of the sedimentary formations of Assam-1. Stratigraphical position of the Cherra Formation. Palaeobotanist 15 (1 & 2): 72-86. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1966.750
Sah SCD & Dutta SK 1968. Palyno-stratigraphy of the Tertiary sedimentary formation of Assam-2. Stratigraphic significance of spores and pollen in the Tertiary succession of Assam. Palaeobotanist 16(2): 177-195, 1967. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1967.518
Sah SCD & Jain KP 1965. Jurassic spores and pollen grains from the Rajmahal hills, Bihar, India: with a discussion on the age of the Rajmahal intertrappean beds. Palaeobotanist 13(3): 264-290, 1964. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.702
Sah SCD & Kar RK 1969. Pteridophytic spores from the Laki Series of Kutch, Gujarat State, India. J. Sen. Mem. Vol. 109-122.
Sahni B 1936. The Karewas of Kashmir. Curr. Sci. 5: 10-16.
Sahni B, Sitholey RV & Puri GS 1947. Assam-Progress report for 1944-46. Correlation of the Tertiary Succession in Assam by Means of microfossil. J. Indian. bot. Soc. 26: 262-263.
Salujha SK, Rawat MS & Rehman K 1967. Palynological study of Pre-Tertiary (Ujhani) sediments in Uttar Pradesh, India. Bull. Oil. Nat. Gas Commn. 4(1): 56-61.
Salujha SK, Srivastava NC & Rawat MS 1969. Microfloral assemblage from Subathu sediments of Simla hills. J. Palaeont. Soc. India. 12: 25-40, 1967.
Sastri VV & Venkatachala BS 1968. Organic remains, age and environment of the Pre-Siwalik sediments encountered in some deep wells drilled in southern part of Ganga Valley. Bull. Oil. nat. Gas Commn. 4(2): 75-82.
Singh G 1964. A preliminary survey of the post-glacial vegetation history of the Kashmir Valley. Palaeobotanist 12(1): 75-108, 1963. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.645
Singh G 1968. A palynological approach towards the resolution of some important desert problems in Rajasthan. Indian Geohydrol. 3(1): 111-128.
Singh HP, Srivastava SK & Roy SK 1964. Studies on the Upper Gondwana of Cutch-I. Mio- and Macrospores. Palaeobotanist 12(3): 282-306, 1963. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.666
Tiwari RS 1965. Miospore assemblage in some coals of Barakar Stage (Lower Gondwana) of India. Palaeobotanist 13(2): 168-214, 1964. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.694
Venkatachala BS 1969. Palynology of the Mesozoic sediments of Kutch-4. Spore and pollen from the Bhuj exposures near Bhuj, Gujarat State. Palaeobotanist 17(2): 208-219, 1968. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1968.795
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1968a. Dinoflagellate and Hystrichosphaerid fossils from Katrol (Upper Jurassic) sediments of Kutch, W. India. Curr. Sci. 37(14): 408-410.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1968b. Palynology of the Karanpura sedimentary basin, Bihar, India-1. Barakar Stage at Badam. Palaeobotanist 16(1): 56-90, 1967. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1967.504
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1968c. Fossil pollen comparable to pollen of Barringtonia from the Laki sediments of Kutch. Pollen Spores. 10(2): 335-339.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1969a. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments of Kutch-1. Spore and pollen from bore-hole no. 14. Palaeobotanist 17(2): 157-178, 1968. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1968.792
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1969b. Palynology of the Tertiary sediments in Kutch-2. Epiphyllous fungal remains from the bore-hole no. 14. Ibid. 17(2): 179-183, 1958.
Venkatachala BS, Kar RK & Raza S 1969. Palynology of the Mesozoic sediments of Kutch, W. India-5. Spores and pollen from Katrol exposures near Bhuj, Kutch district, Gujarat State. Ibid. 17(2): 184-207, 1968.
Vishnu-Mittre 1966. Some aspects concerning pollen-analytical investigations in the Kashmir valley. Palaeobotanist 15(1 & 2): 157-175. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1966.763
Vishnu-Mittre & Gupta HP 1968. A living fossil plant community in South Indian hills. Curr. Sci. 37(23): 671-672.
Vishnu-Mittre & Sharma BD 1963. Pollen morphology of Indian species of Alnus. Grana palynol. 4(2): 302-305.
Vishnu-Mittre & Singh G 1963. On the pollen of western Himalayan oaks. J. Indian bot. Soc. 42(1): 130-134.
Vishnu-Mittre, Singh G & Saxena KMS 1962. Pollen analytical investigation of the Lower Karewas. Grana palynol. 11(1 & 2): 92-95.
Wilson LR 1964. Recycling stratigraphic leakage, and faulty techniques in Palynology. Grana palynol. 5(3): 425-436.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
