Permian spores from the Gondwana Succession in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2013.339Keywords:
Permian spores, Gondwana Succession, Morphotaxonomy, StratigraphyAbstract
The deposits of Permian sediments (Figs 1 & 2) are spread in a wide spatial extent on the Indian Peninsula. Palynological studies of the glacial sediments of earliest Permian (Talchir Formation) through the coal horizon of Upper Permian represent a high degree of morphographical variations among spores and pollen grains. These adequately identified taxa exhibit many kinds of exinal features that include simple, cingulate and zonate spores. The spores recovered are the optimum representation of the producing plants in the contemporaneous flora. The Permian sediments in India are mostly deposited under terrestrial environment, and these deposits are variedly interrupted by regional breaks. The microstructures of exine among these spores have great potential that determine the primitive and advanced states in morphological lineages through time and this variability of exine structures are effectively used in biostratigraphy. The objective of this publication is to put together the available published data on the morphotaxonomy of spores from the Permian sediments in India. These spores are placed in accordance with classification proposed by Potonié, 1956. In the description part, each taxon includes its type species, salient features of the genus and the species described under the genus, locality, horizon and age. The holotype figure of each species has been scanned from the original publication. The species under a taxon are arranged in the ascending order of their year of publication (Pl. 1–10). Here, the geological age is dealt in the standard time scale. In the last chapter, stratigraphical occurrences along with the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of some distinct species are commented, which are significant in the Assemblage Zones of key pollen taxa described by Tiwari and Tripathi, 1992. The literature consulted herein is given in the bibliography that dates up to 2011.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Alpern B 1958. Essai de correlation par la palynologie de couches de charbon Stephanien recoupeespar qualtre sondages dans la region de Lons–le Saunier (Jurassic). Reuve de Lindustrie Minerale 15: 1–16.
Anand–Prakash 1972. Sporae dispersae in the coals of Pench–Kanhan and Pathakhera Coalfield (M.P.), India. Palaeobotanist 19: 206–210.
Balme BE & Hennelly JPF 1956. Trilete sporomorphs from Australian Permian sediments. Australian Journal of Botany 4: 240–260.
Balme BE 1963. Plant microfossils from the Lower Triassic of western Australia. Palaeontology 6: 12–40.
Balme BE 1970. Palynology of Permian and Triassic Strata in the Salt Range and Surghar Range, west Pakistan. Stratigraphic boundary problems: Permian and Triassic of west Pakistan. University Kansas, Department of Geology Special Publication 4: 306–453.
Bharadwaj DC 1955. An approach to the problem of taxonomy and classifica¬tion in the study of sporae despersae. Palaeobotanist 4: 3–9.
Bharadwaj DC & Dwivedi A 1977. Insignisporites gen. nov. A new cavate miospore genus from Barakar Stage (Lower Gondwana) of India. Geo¬phytology 7: 113–120.
Bharadwaj DC & Dwivedi A 1981. Sporae dispersae of the Barakar sediments from south Karanpura Coalfield, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist 27: 21–94.
Bharadwaj DC & Salujha SK 1964. Sporological study of seam VIII in Rani¬ganj Coalfield, Bihar (India). Part II–Distribution of Sporae dispersae and correlation. Palaeobotanist 13: 57–73.
Bharadwaj DC & Salujha SK 1965. A sporological study of seam VII (Jote Dhemo Colliery) in the Raniganj Coalfield, Bihar (India). Palaeobotanist 13: 30–40.
Bharadwaj DC & Sinha V 1969. Some new miospores from Lower Gondwana coals. In: Santapau et al. (Editors)—J. Sen Memorial: 7–16. Botanical Society of Bengal, Calcutta.
Bharadwaj DC & Srivastava SC 1969. Some new miospore from Barakar Stage, Lower Gondwana, India. Palaeobotanist 17: 220–228.
Bharadwaj DC & Tiwari RS 1964. The correlation of Coal seams in Korba Coalfield, Lower Gondwanas, India. C.r. 5th International Congress of Carboniferous, Paris (1963): 1131–1143.
Bharadwaj DC & Tiwari RS 1977. Permian–Triassic miofloras from the Raniganj Coalfield, India. Palaeobotanist 24: 26–49.
Bharadwaj DC & Tripathi A 1976. A palynostratigraphic study of Lower Gondwana sediments from South Karanpura Coalfield, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist 25: 39–61.
Bharadwaj DC & Tripathi A 1978. A palynostratigraphic study of Lower Gondwana sediments from South Karanpura Coalfield, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist 25: 39–61.
Bharadwaj DC & Tripathi A 1981. Sporae dispersae of the Barakar sediments from South Karanpura Coalfield, Bihar, India. Palaeobotanist 27: 21–94.
Bharadwaj DC & Varma CP 1974. On the genus Punctatisporites Ibrahim, 1933. Geophytology 4: 106–108.
Bharadwaj DC 1962. Miospore genera in the coals of Raniganj Stage (Upper Permian) India. Palaeobotanist 9: 68–106.
Bharadwaj DC, Sah SCD & Tiwari RS 1964. Sporological analysis of some coal and carbonaceous shales from Barren Measures Stage (Lower Gond¬wana) of India. Palaeobotanist 13: 222–225.
Bose MN & Kar RK 1966. Palaeozoic sporae dispersae from Congo. I: Kindukalima and Walikale regions. Annals Museum Royal Africa centre series 8, Science Geology 53: 1–238.
Chandra A & Lele KM 1979. Talchir miofloras from South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India and their biostratigraphical significance. International Paly¬nological Conference, Lucknow 2: 117–151.
Couper RA 1953. Upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic spores and pollen grains from Newland. New Zealand Geological Survey, Palaeontological Bulletin 22: 1–66.
Datta NR, Mitra ND & Bandyopadhay SK 1983. Recent trends in the study of Gondwana basins of peninsula and extra–peninsular India. Proceed¬ings of Symposium of Petroliferous Basins of India. Petrology of Asia Journal 4: 159–169.
D’ Rozario A & Banerjee M 1987. Two new trilete genera, Lalmatitasporites, Ghoshiatriletes and Horriditriletes, Rajmahalensis sp. nov. from Chu¬perbhita and Hura coalfields, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Proceeding of 5th All India Symposium of Palynology, Botany Department, Institute of Science, Nagpur: 9–14.
Ibrahim A 1933. Sporen formen des Aegirizonts Des Ruhr–Reviers. Dissen. Erlangung Doktor Ingenieurs Tech. Hochsch. Berlin, Konrad Triltsch, Wiirzburg: 1–47.
Jha N & Srivastava SC 1996. Kamthi Formation–palynofloral diversity. In: Guha et al. (Editors)—Proceedings of 9th International Gondwana Symposium, Hyderabad, India vol. 1: 355–368.
Kar RK 1968. Palynology of the Barren Measure Sequence from Jharia Coal¬field, Bihar, India. 2. General Palynology. Palaeobotanist 16: 115–140.
Kar RK 1968. Palynology of the North Karanpura Basin, Bihar, India–3. Raniganj exposures near Lungatoo, Hazaribagh District. Palaeobotanist 16: 273–282.
Kar RK 1969. Palynology of the North Karanpura Basin, Bihar, India. 4. Subsurface palynology of the Borehole No. 5. Palaeobotanist 17: 9–21.
Kar RK 1969. Palynology of the North Karanpura Basin, Bihar, India. 5. Palynological Assemblage of the Bore Core No. K2, Raniganj Stage (Upper Permian). Palaeobotanist 17: 101–120.
Kar RK 1970. Sporae dispersae from Panchet (Lower Triassic) in the Borehole No. RE. 9, Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal. Palaeobotanist 18: 50–62.
Klaus W 1960. Spore der Karnischen Stufe der Ostalpinen Triassic Jb. Geo. Bundesanst Sondebd 5: 107– 183.
Kosanke RM 1950. Pennsylvanian spores of Illinois their use in correlation. State Geological Survey, Bulletin 74: 1–124.
Lele KM 1975. Studies in the Talchir Flora of India–10. Early and Late Talchir miofloras from the West Bokaro Coalfield, Bihar. Palaeobotanist 22: 219–235.
Lele KM & Maithy PK 1969. Miospore assemblage from the Ganjra Nala beds, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, with some remarks on the age of the beds. Palaeobotanist 17: 298–309.
Lele KM & Makada R 1972. Studies in the Talchir flora of India–7. Palynology of the Talchir Formation in the Jayanti Coalfield, Bihar. Geophytology 2: 41–73.
Lele KM & Srivastava AK 1975. A mioflora of Barren Measures age from the Auranga Coalfield, Bihar. Palaeobotanist 24: 118–124.
Leschik G 1955. Die Keuperflora von Neuewelt bei Basel. II Die Iso–und Mikrosporen. Schweizerischen Palaontologischern 72B: 5–70.
Leschik G 1958. Sporen aus den “Karru–Sandsteinen” Von Norronaub (sud¬west–Afrika). Senckenbergiana Lethaea, Band 40: 51–95.
Maheshwari HK & Kar RK 1967. Tiwarisporis gen. nov., a new spore genus from the Permian of Cong and India. Current Science 36: 369–370.
Pant DD & Srivastava GK 1965. Lower Gondwana miospores from Brazil. Micropaleontology 11: 468–478.
Potonié R 1956. Synopsis der Guttungen der Sporae despersae. Pt.–I. Beih. Geol. Jb. 23: 1–103.
Potonié R & Kremp G 1954. Die Gattungen der Palaeozoic sporae dispersae and their Stratigraphy. Geology Jb 69: 111–194.
Potonié R & Kremp G 1955. Die Sporae Dispersae des Ruhrkarbons, ihre Morphographie und Stratigraphie mit Ausblicken auf Arten anderer Ge¬biete und Zeitabschnitte. Teil I. Palaeontographica 99B: 85–191.
Potonié R & Lele KM 1961. Studies in Talchir Flora of India–1. Sporae dispersae from the Talchir beds of south Rewa Gondwana Basin. Pal-aeobotanist 8: 22–31.
Saksena S 1971. On fossil flora of Ganjra Nala beds: Part II– Microflora (A) dispersed spores and pollen grains. Palaeobotanist 18: 237–257.
Salujha SK 1965. Miospore assemblage of seam IX of East Raniganj Coalfield (India). Palaeobotanist 13: 227–238.
Sarate OS & Ram–Awatar 1984. Navalesporites gen. nov.– A new mono¬lete miospore from Satpura Gondwana Basin, India. Geophytology 14: 249–251.
Schopf JM, Wilson LR & Bentall R 1944. An Annotated Synopsis of Palaeo¬zoic fossil spores and the definition of generic groups. State Geological Survey 91: 1–73.
Segroves KL 1970. Permian spores and pollen grains from the Perth Basin, western Australia 10: 43–73.
Sinha V 1972. Sporae dispersae from Jhingurdah Seam, Singrauli Coalfield (M.P), India. Palaeobotanist 19: 175–201.
Srivastava SC 1969. Miofloral investigations in some coals of Talchir Coal-field (Orissa) India. Palaeobotanist 18: 154–166.
Srivastava SC 1970. Mioflora investigations in some coals of Talchir Coalfield (Orissa) India. Palaeobotanist 18: 154–166.
Srivastava SC 1991. A catalogue of fossil plants from India: A. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic spores and pollen. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, Part 3A: 1–182.
Suresh SC & Saxena R 1984. Arasporites gen. nov. – A new acavate trilete spore from Lower Gondwana of India. Geophytology 14: 111–113.
Tiwari RS. 1964. New miospore genera in the coals of Barakar Stage (Lower Gondwana) of India. Palaeobotanist 12: 250–259.
Tiwari RS 1965. Miospore assemblage in some coals of Barakar Stage (Lower Gondwana) of India. Palaeobotanist 13: 168–214.
Tiwari RS & Moiz AA 1971. Palynological study of Lower Gondwana (Permian) coals from Godavari Basin, India. 1. On some new miospore genera. Palaeobotanist 19: 95–104.
Tiwari RS & Navale GKB 1967. Pollen and spore assemblage in some coals of Brazil. Pollen et spores IX 3: 584–605.
Tiwari RS & Ram–Awatar 1988. Sporae–dispersae and correlation of Gond¬wana sediments in Johilla Coalfield, Son Valley Graben, Madhya Pradesh. Palaeobotanist 37: 94–114.
Tiwari RS & Rana V 1981. Sporae dispersae of some Early and Middle Trias¬sic sediments from Damodar Basin, India. Palaeobotanist 27: 190–220.
Tiwari RS & Singh V 1981. Morphographic study of some dispersed trilete miospores (sub–Infraturma–Varitrilete) from the Lower Gondwana of India. Palaeobotanist 27: 253–296.
Tiwari RS & Tripathi A 1992. Marker assemblage–zones of spores and pollen species through Gondwana Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Sequence in India. Palaeobotanist 40: 194–236.
Tiwari RS 1968. Hennellysporite, A new miospore genus from Lower Gondwana horizons. Current Science 37: 52–53.
Tiwari RS 1968. Palynological investigations of some coal seams in the Ib–River Coalfield (Orissa), India. Palaeobotanist 16: 222–241.
Tiwari RS & Vijaya 1995. Differential morphographic identity of Gondwana palynomorphs. Palaeobotanist 44: 62–115.
Tiwari RS, Srivastava SC, Tripathi A & Vijaya 1989. Morphographic study of Permian palynomorphs: Callumispora, Parasaccites, Crucisaccites and Faunipollenites. Palaeobotanist 37: 215–266.
Tripathi A 1996. Early and Late Triassic Palynoassemblage from subsurface Supra–Barakar sequence in Talchir Coalfield, Orissa India. Geophytol¬ogy 26: 109–118.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1965. Two new triletes spore genera from the Permian of India. Palaeobotanist 13: 337–340.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1967. Palynology of the Karnpura sedimentary Basin, Bihar, India–1. Barakar Stage. Palaeobotanist 16: 56–90.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1968. Palynology of the Kathwai Shales, Salt Range, west Pakistan. 1. Shales 25 ft. above the Talchir boulder bed. Palaeobotanist 16: 156–166.
Venkatachala BS & Kar RK 1968. Palynology of the North Karanpura Basin, Bihar, India–2. Barakar exposures near Lungatoo, Hazaribagh District. Palaeobotanist 16: 258–269.
Venkatachala BS & Rawat MS 1978. Early Triassic Palynoflora from the subsurface of Purnea, Bihar, India. Journal of Palynology 14: 59–70.
Venkatachala BS, Tiwari RS & Vijaya 1995. Diversification of spore– pollen 'character states in the Indian Permian VIII International Palynological Congress Aixen–Province, France 1992, Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology 85: 319–340.
Vijaya 1996. Advent of Gondwana deposition on Indian Peninsula: A palynological reflection and relationship. 9th International Gondwana Symposium Hyderabad, Gondwana. Nine 283–298.
Vijaya 2010. Morpho–Taxonomic reassessment of certain Plicate Paly-nomorphs from the Permian Succession in India. Journal of Palaeonto¬logical Society of India 50: 93–106.
Vijaya & Tiwari RS 1987. Role of spore and pollen species in demarketing the Permo–Triassic boundary in Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal. Palaeobotanist 35: 242–248.
Vijaya, Tripathi A & Ram–Awatar 2001. Vertical distribution of spore and pollen index species in the Permian sequence on peninsular India. In: Contributions to Geology and Palaeontology of Gondwana (Editors) Weiss: 475–495.
Wilson LR & Coe EA 1940. Descriptions of some unassigned plant micro-fossils from the Des Moines Series of Lowa. The American midland naturalist 23: 182–186.
Wilson LR & Venkatachala BS 1963. Thymospora, A new name for Verrucososporites. Oklahoma Geology Notes 23: 75–80.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
