The present position and problems of Tertiary Palaeobotany in India

Authors

  • R.N. Lakhanpal Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1965.732

Abstract

Since the second quarter of the nineteenth century, when fossil plants began to be collected in India, almost all the earlier work in Indian palaeobotany was carried out on Mesozoic and Palaeozoic fossils. Progress in Tertiary palaeobotany really started in the early thirties of the present century. The contributions have mainly been on the structure of individual fossils, mostly petrifactions, from the Deccan Intertrappean beds and from the Middle Tertiary strata of Assam and South India. Of late, some papers on the leaf impressions and pollen and spores have also appeared. At the present stage it is desirable that Tertiary plants are studied collectively as floras. This will help in solving a number of problems related to stratigraphy, palaeogeography and palaeoecology during the Tertiary period in India.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Awasthi N 1965. Further studies on the fossil woods from the Cuddalore series of South India. Ph. D. Thesis, univ. Lucknow.

Billimoria JJ 1948. A new species of Dadoxylon from C. P. Palaeobot. India. 6: 260, 1947.

Chitaley SD 1949. On a new species of Dadoxylon, Dadoxylon eocennum sp. nov., from the district of chhindwara C. P. India. J. Indian bot. Soc. 28 (4): 227-237.

Idem 1955. On a fructification from the Intertrappean flora of the Madhya Pradesh, India. The Palaeobotanist 3: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1954.444

Idem 1957. On the fructification of Tricoccites trigonum Rode from the Deccan Intertrappean series of India. The Palaeobotanist 5: 56-63. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1956.486

Idem 1958. Seeds of Viracarpon hexaspermum Sahni from the Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, India. J. India bot. Soc. 37 (3): 408-411.

Idem 1964. Further observations on Sahnipushpam. J. Indian bot. Soc. 43 (1): 69-74.

Chowdhuri KA 1934. A fossil dicotyledonous wood from Assam. Curr. Sci. 3 (6): 255-256.

Idem 1936. A fossil dicotyledonous wood from Assam. Ann. Bot. Lond. 50 (199): 501-510.

Idem 1938. Two fossil dicotyledonous woods from the Garo Hills, Assam. Rec. geol. Surv. India. 73 (2): 247-266.

Chowdhury KA & Ghosh SS 1946. On the anatomy of Cynometroxylon indicum gen. et sp. nov., a fossil dicotydonous wood from Nailalung, Assam. Proc. nat. Inst. Sci. India. 12 (8): 435-447.

Chowdhury KA, Ghosh SS & Kazmi MH 1960. Pahudioxylon bankurensis gen. et sp. nov. – a fossil wood from the Miocene bed of Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Ibid. 26B (1): 22-28.

Chowdhury KA & Tandon KN 1949. Kayeoxylon assamicum gen. et sp. nov.- a fossil dicotyledonous wood from Assam. Ibid. 15 (2): 59-65.

Eyde R 1963. A Shoreoxylon and two other Tertiary woods from the Garo Hills, Assam. The Palaeobotanist 11 (1 & 2): 115-121, 1962. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.630

Feistmantel O 1882. Note on remains of palm leaves from the (Tertiary) Murree and Kasauli beds in India. Rec. geol. Surv. India. 15 (1): 51-53.

Ghosh SS & Ghosh AK 1958. Anisopteroxylon jawalmukhi sp nov. – a new fossil record from Siwaliks. Ibid. 24: 238-332.

Idem 1959. Dipterocarpoxylon malavii sp. nov. – a new fossil record from the Pliocene of Kutch. Ibid. 25: 328-332.

Jacob C & Jacob K 1950. Cuticles from the Tertiary lignite of Cuddalore, S. Arcot, India. Proc. 7th int. bot. congr. Stockholm: 572-573.

Jain RK 1964. Indocarpa Intertrappean gen. et sp. nov., a new dicotyledonous fruit from the Deccan Intertrappean series, India. Bot. Gaz. 125 (1): 26-33.

Kaul KN 1951. A palm fruit from Kapurdi (Jodhpur, Rajasthan desert), Cocos sahnii sp. nov. Curr. Sci. 20: 138.

Krishnan MS 1960. Geology of India and Burma. Madras.

Lakhanpal RN 1952. Nipa sahnii. a palm fruit in the Tertiary of Assam. The Palaeobotanist 1: 289-294. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1952.413

Idem 1955a. Recognizable species of Tertiary plants from Damalgiri in the Garo Hills, Assam. The Palaeobotanist 3: 27-31. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1954.446

Idem 1955b. On the occurrence of Nelumbium in the Tertiary of Assam. J. Indian bot. Soc. 34 (3): 222-224.

Lakhanpal RN & Awasthi N 1964. Mesuoxylon arcotense gen. et sp. nov., a fossil dicotyledonous wood from the Tertiary of South Arcot district, Madras, India. The Palaeobotanist 12(3): 260-264. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.661

Idem 1965. Fossil woods of Calophyllum from the Tertiary of South India. The Palaeobotanist 13: 328-336. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1964.706

Lakhanpal RN & Bose MN 1951. Some Tertiary leaves and fruits of the Guttiferae from Rajasthan. J. Indian bot. Soc. 30 (1-4): 132-136.

Navale GKB 1956. On two new species of Terminalioxylon Schonfeld from the Tertiary beds of South India. The Palaeobotanist 4: 35-39. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1955.467

Idem 1957. Sapindoxylon indicum sp. nov., a new fossil wood from the Tertiary beds of South India. The Palaeobotanist 5: 73-77. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1956.489

Idem 1959. Occurrence of fossil Cynometra from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 7 (1): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1958.563

Idem 1962. Phyllanthinium bangalamodense, a new species of fossil Euphorbiaceous wood from the “Cuddalore series” of India. The Palaeobotanist 9: 11-16. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1960.591

Idem 1962b. Pollen and spores from Neyveli lignite, South India. The Palaeobotanist 10: 87-90. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1961.609

Idem 1963a. Fossil woods of Leguminosae from Tertiary rocks of Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 11 (1 & 2): 54-65. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.623

Idem 1963b. Some silicified Dipterocarpaceous woods from Tertiary beds of the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 11 (1 & 2): 66-81. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.625

Idem 1964a. Castanoxylon gen. nov. from Tertiary beds of the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 11 (3): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.632

Idem 1964b. Anogeissusoxylon indicum gen. et sp. nov. from the Tertiary rocks near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 11 (3): 154-158. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.636

Idem 1964c. Ailanthoxylon pondicherriense sp. nov., from Tertiary beds of the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India. The Palaeobotanist 12 (1): 68-71. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.644

Potonie R & Sah SCD 1960. Sporae dispersae of the lignites from Cannanore beach on the Malabar coast of India. The Palaeobotanist 7 (2): 121-135. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1958.578

Prakash U 1956. On the structure and affinities of Sahnipushpam glandulosum sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean series. The Palaeobotanist 4: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1955.477

Idem 1960. A survey of the Deccan Intertrappean flora of India. J. Paleont. 34 (5): 1027-1040.

Idem 1962. Further observation on a petrified ovuliferous cone (Mohgaostrobus sahnii gen. et sp. nov.) from Mohgaon cherts in the Deccan. The Palaeobotanist 10: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1961.603

Prakash U & Jain RK 1964. Further observations on Sahnipushpam Shukla. The Palaeobotanist 12 (2): 128-138. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1963.650

Prakash U Navale GKB 1962. Terminalioxylon chowdhurii sp. nov., a new fossil dicotyledonous wood from the Tertiary rocks of Assam. The Palaeobotanist 11 (1 & 2): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1962.622

Raizada MB & Sahni KC 1960. Living Indian Gymnosperms. Pt. I. (Cycadales, Ginkgoales and coniferales). Indian For. Rec. n. s. (Botany). 5 (2): 73-150.

Ramanujam CGK 1953a. Palmoxylon arcotense sp. nov., a fossil palm resembling the living genus Livistona from South India. The Palaeobotanist 2: 89-91. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1953.438

Idem 1953b. On two new species of Mesembrioxylon from the vicinity of Pondicherry, South India. The Palaeobotanist 2: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1953.439

Idem 1953c. Fossil woods resembling Mangifera, Shorea and Albizzia in the Tertiary rocks of S. Arcot, India. Curr. Sci. 22: 336-337.

Idem 1954. Fossil woods belonging to Guttiferae, Celastraceae Leguminosae, Sonneratiaceae and Euphorbiaceae from Tertiary rocks of South Arcot district, Madras. J. Sci. industr. Res. 13B (2): 146-147.

Idem 1955. On some silicified woods from near Pondicherry, South India. The Palaeobotanist 3: 40-50. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1954.450

Idem 1956a. Fossil woods of Dipterocarpaceae from the Tertiary of South Arcot district, Madras. The Palaeobotanist 4: 45-56. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1955.469

Idem 1956b. On two new species of Terminalioxylon Schonfeld from the Tertiary rocks of South Arcot district, Madras. J. Indian bot. Soc. 35 (1): 103-113.

Idem 1956c. Fossil woods of Euphorbiaceae from the Tertiary rocks of South Arcot district, Madras. Ibid. 35 (3): 284-307.

Idem 1957. On the occurrence of fossil wood of Sonneratia: Sonneralioxylon dakshinense sp. nov. from the Tertiary of South Arcot district, Madras. The Palaeobotanist 5: 78-81. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1956.490

Idem 1958. Palmoxylon puratanum, a new species of petrified palms from the Tertiary rocks of South Arcot district, Madras. J. Indian bot. Soc. 37 (1): 128-137.

Idem 1960. Silicified woods from the Tertiary rocks of South India. Palaeontographica. 106B: 99-140.

Idem 1961. A fossil dicotyledonous wood resembling the modern Tamarindus from the Tertiary rocks of South Arcot district, Madras. The Palaeobotanist 8: 38-42. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1959.586

Rao AR 1956. Some Observations on Pollen found in Indian Tertiary lignites. The Palaeobotanist 4: 57-59. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1955.470

Idem 1958. History of botanical researches in India, Burma and Ceylon. Part III: Palaeobotany. Bangalore city.

Rao AR & Vimal KP 1950. Plant microfossils from Palana lignite Eocene, Bikaner. Curr. Sci. 19(3): 82-84.

Idem 1952a. Tertiary pollen from lignites from Palana (Eocene), Bikaner. Proc. nat. Inst. Sci. India. 18 (6): 595-601.

Idem 1952b. Preliminary observations on the plant microfossil contents of some lignites from Waekalli in Travancore. Curr. Sci. 21: 302-305.

Rawat MS 1964. A new record of Dipterocarpoxylon from Siwalik formation of Uttar Pradesh. Sci. & Cult. 30: 337-338.

Rode KP 1933. A note on fossil angiospermous fruits from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Central Provinces. Curr. Sci. 2: 171-172.

Sah SCD & Dutta SK 1966. Palynological studies on the Upper Mesozoic and Tertiary succession of Assam: 1. Miospore assemblage from the Cherra stage of the South Shillong plateau. The Palaeobotanist 15.

Sahni B. 1921. The present position of Indian palaeobotany. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (N.S). 17 (4): clii – clxxv.

Idem 1931a. Revision of Indian fossil plants. Pt. II. Coniferales (b. Petrifactions). Palaeont. indica, n. s. 11: 52-124.

Idem 1931b. Materials for a monograph of the Indian petrified palms. Proc. Acad. Sci. Unit. Prov. 1: 140-144.

Idem 1938. Recent advances in Palaeobotany. Proc. 25th Indian Sci. Congr. (Part 2): 133-176.

Idem 1943a. Indian silicified plants. 2. Enigmocarpon parijai, a silicified fruit from the Deccan, with a review of the fossil history of the Lythraeae. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 17(3)B: 59-96.

Idem 1943b. Deccan Intertrappean Series. Palaeobotany in India-IV. J. Indian bot. Soc. 22 (2-4): 179-181.

Idem 1944. Takli near Nagpur – Genus Viracarpon Sahni. Palaeobotany in India – V. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. India. 14 (1 & 2): 80-82.

Idem 1946. A silicified Cocos-like palm stem, Palmoxylon (Cocos) Sundaram, from the Deccan Intertrappean beds. J. Indian bot. Soc. Iyengar Comm. Vol.: 361-374.

Idem 1953. Angiosperm leaf-impressions from the Kasauli bed, N. W. Himalayas. The Palaeobotanist 2: 85-87. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1953.436

Idem 1964. Revisions of Indian fossil plants. Part III – Monocotyledons. Monogr. Sahni Inst. Palaeont. 1.

Sahni B & Rode KP 1937. Fossil plants from the Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, in the Deccan, with a sketch of the geology of the Chhindwara district. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. India. 7 (3): 165-174.

Sahni B & Sitholey RV & Puri GS 1948. Correlation of Tertiary succession in Assam by means of microfossils. Palaeobotany in India-VI. J. Indian bot. Soc. 26 (4): 262-263. 1947.

Sahni B & Surange KR 1953. On the structure and affinities of Cyclanthodendron sahnii (Rode) Sahni & Surange from the Deccan Intertrappean series. The Palaeobotanist 2: 93-100. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1953.440

Schmid EE & Schleiden MJ 1855. Uber die Natur der Kiesel-Holzer. Jena.

Sen J 1948. Microfossils of Assam coalfields-1. The coal seam at Laitryngew and the age of the Cherra sandstone. Bull. bot. Soc. Beng. 2 (2): 1-11.

Seward AC 1912. Dicotyledonous leaves from the Coal Measures of Assam. Rec. geol. Suro. India. 42(2): 93-101.

Shukla VB 1938. On a new species of Dadoxylon, D. deccani, sp. nov., from the Deccan Intertrappean series. J. Indian bot. Soc. 17 (5-6): 355-367.

Idem 1944a. On Sahnianthus, a new genus of petrified flowers from the Intertrappean beds at Mohgaon Kalan in the Deccan and its relation with the fruit Enigmocarpon parijai Sahni from the same locality. Proc. nat. Acad.Sci. India. 14(1-2): 1-39.

Idem 1944b. Dadoxylon vesinosum sp. nov. from the Chhindwara district of the Central Provinces. J. Indian bot. Soc. 23(3): 83-90.

Sitholey RV 1955. The Mesozoic and Tertiary floras of India – a review. The Palaeobotanist 3: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1954.453

Verma JK 1956. On a new petrified flower, Sahnipushpam shuklai, sp. nov. from the Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon-Kalan in the Deccan. J. palaeont. Soc. India. 1: 131-141.

Idem 1965. Further contribution to the knowledge of the Deccan, Intertrappean flora. Ph. D. Thesis Univ. Lucknow.

Vimal KP 1953a. Tertiary spores and pollen from Warkalli lignites, Travancore Proc.Indian A cad. Sci. 38B (5): 195-210.

Idem 1953b. Occurrence of Botryococcus in Eocene lignites of Cutch. Curr. Sci. 22: 375-376.

Wadia DN 1957. Geology of India. London.

Downloads

Published

1965-12-31

How to Cite

Lakhanpal, R. (1965). The present position and problems of Tertiary Palaeobotany in India. Journal of Palaeosciences, 14((1-3), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.1965.732

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>